Types of Revisions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Types of Revisions - Assignment Example Focus/Organization: †¢ No, the essay does not stay on topic in some parts of the main body paragraphs. I would change the topic sentences so that they relate directly to the thesis sentence. †¢ The introduction could have been a little stronger so that it grabs the reader’s attention. If it could change it, I would add in a real world example that everyone could understand and relate to. †¢ The first body paragraph is about agriculture but I do not really mention it until the end of the paragraph. I could reorganize it so that this key information was at the beginning of the paragraph. †¢ The body paragraphs of the paper do not really flow to the next paragraph; some transition sentences could be used to better prepare the reader for what follows. Micro Revisions Sentences: †¢ No, there are some sentences that could be better structured so that the reader would understand better. The topic sentence for each body paragraph could be worded better to explain what the paragraph will contain. †¢ Sentences that start with â€Å"this† and â€Å"the† could be worded differently so that the sentences don’t become repetitive. †¢ I could change some sentences to be short for impact and make some sentences longer because they need to explain things in detail. It is a good thing to have sentences of varied length because it does not bore the reader. †¢ No, I do not really vary the noun-verb-object sequence, so I could change this. It can sometimes be hard to word sentences differently because it interrupts the flow, but I will try to change every sentence possible so that the sentences don’t become boring.

Hispanics in United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hispanics in United States - Research Paper Example without members of a bigger, much more enigmatical word Hispano-American or Latin-American. Around 2000, 32.5 000000 Hispano-Americans settled in the U.S. consisting near about 12 % of the net crowd. In the period 1990 to 2000, the Hispano-American population grew by almost 10000000 people, accounting for 38 % of the country’s total growth of population as the decade was running. Hispano-Americans are anticipated to be the 51 % of the people between the 2000 and 2050 which will lead the Hispano-Americans being the 98 000000 by the mid century, so showing about 25 % of the net United States population and significantly more than their current population. Around 2000, Hispano-Americans were the biggest minority community already among the kids and, by 2005, Hispano-Americans outdone Blacks as the country’s largest minority community among all. (U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany, 1) Hispano-Americans are a wide spread community having individuals of various roots and race s. Biggest Hispano-American subcommunity in the U.S. is of the Mexican roots, in 1997, they consisted of almost 66 % of the Hispano-American crowd. Other Hispano-American sub communities came from the Central or the South of American continent are of 15 % from Puerto Rico and Cuba 9 % and 4 % consecutively lastly rest the Hispano-American nations 6 %. Of the Hispano-Americans currently living in U.S., 62 % took birth in U.S. ... Asia-Pacific Islanders were less similar than Hispano-Americans, black or white to get possessed by two native-born parents of United States. (U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany, 1) The Hispanic population is increasing rapidly as the days are going by in proportion to the white and black kids. As we reach 2020 it is anticipated that every fifth child will have his or her root in Hispanic origin. Recently, Hispanic kids account for every sixth child. The steadily increasing Hispanic crowd below 18 years is an attribute to the increased emigration and also to the comparatively higher fertility rate per year of Hispano-American women. (U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany, 1) Immigration: The Hispanic people in the U.S. is increasing fast and in coming days will turn into the biggest minority group. It is very common to walk through the roads of a city in America today and listen to Spanish words. In 1950 less than 4000000 United States civilians were found from Spanish spoken countries. Nowadays the number grew to 45000000. About 50 % of Hispanics in U.S. have migrated from Mexico. The rest 50 % migrated from various countries such as El Salvador with Dominican Republic as well as Colombia. 36% of the Hispano-Americans in the U.S. live around California. Lots of other states posses’ large Hispano-American populations, including the Texas, New York states like Illinois, Florida are in the list also where numerous Cubans escaping the Castro incumbency have set down. Most of them were illegal immigrants. However, they have now settled down well. There are numbers of Cuban Americans inside Miami so the largest newspaper of the city Miami Herald presents different versions in English as well as Spanish. (U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany, 1) People think about

Influence of Gender Socialisation Causes of Inequality

Influence of Gender Socialisation Causes of Inequality In our society gender is considered one of the most important things by which a person can identify themselves. When a baby is born the first question one asks is not if the baby is healthy or how the woman who has just given birth is but if its boy or a girl?. The gender we are assigned when we are born sticks with us throughout our life, regardless of if we agree with it or not, seemingly influencing the way we act, dress and live our lives. In the following essay, I will discuss the way in which we can define gender both scientifically and sociologically. I will examine how the socialisation process influences our learning of gender norms and how these norms perpetuate gender differences in our society and the inequality that can occur as a result. There are many ways in which one can define gender. Macionis and Plummer define gender as the social aspects of differences and hierarchies between male and female (Macionis Plummer, 2012). While sex is often defined as the state of being either male or female as determined by biological characteristics. (Marchbank Letherby, 2007). We often see sex as being something natural while gender is a social construct built to more clearly define the differences between the sexes. Gender is evident throughout the social world. We see it in our workplaces, schools and in everyday society. Sociologists believe gender cannot exist on its own, it interacts with social norms, values, and in particular, social differences. For example, while society tells us, men are to have traditional masculine traits, to be strong and forceful, one would not expect the strength of a thirty-year-old man to be the same as an eighty year old. (Punch, et al., 2013). We do not have a say in the gender that is assigned to us, it is given to us based on our biological sex. However , there are arguments that show that sex does not always equal biology. Humans do not always fit into the mould of male and female. A study carried out by the University of Sussex, stated that in countries such as India and the USA; the idea of being transgender and gender fluid is becoming progressively more common and accepted. (Jolly, 2002) This study leaves many questions as to whether we are bound by our biological sex at all. If it is possible to change the sex we were born, then why should our gender identity be so important? Nonetheless the gender that is given can and does have implications on the life we will evidently lead and the way is which we experience socialisation throughout our life. Gender socialisation is the way in which boys and girls learn their gender scripts, the appropriate roles they are expected to follow. Boys and girls experience gender socialisation and are taught there gender identity in different ways. However, this gender identity most often highly tainted by the social world around said person. Marchbank and Letherby researched and wrote about many studies which examine the way in which we encourage masculine and feminine ideals, noting that this encouragement is unescapable in schools, the media, clothing, and toys. This does not allow people to explore their own gender, instead pushing people to conform to one definition either male or female. Something many people feel they do not fit. Many leading sociologists have augured that this does, in fact, lend its hand to the problems many people face in terms of gender discrimination and inequality. (Marchbank Letherby, 2007) While we are moving towards a day of gender fluidity in terms of peoples preferences of their own gender and in our gendered roles, inequality does still exist and is evident in everyday life. These differences and inequality vary greatly from country to country. What is considered acceptable in one country may not be in another. This is all a part of a particular countries gender order, defined by Macionis and Plummer as the way in which societies shape notions of masculinity and femininity into power relationships (Macionis Plummer, 2012) Jill Matthews first developed the idea of the gender order in 1984. Matthews argued that the gender order does not mean inequality but allows a distinction to be made between males and females that relates to the general form of gender relations. (Pilcher Whelehan, 2004, p. 61). This idea however, is outdated. Many critics of this theory agree that the gender order does account for the differences in gender expectations between countries it does not account for inequalities between both male and female and those who may not identify as such. Maharaj (1995) and Pilcher (1999) recognize that Matthews and consequently Connell, who based his studies off of Matthews, have theories that are historical in context and do not allow for differences such as time, place and diversity. Similarly, the theory of gender order does not account for gender norms varying from country to country, while gender inequity does not. (Pilcher Whelehan, 2004) Seen all over the world, perhaps the most universa l form of gender inequality is found in the work place. Woman are much less likely to be promoted to managerially and senior positions in work and are highly unlikely to be doing the same job as her male counter parts. For example, in the United States, less than ten percent of workers said they have a co-worker of a different gender who does the same job. (Ryle, 2015) A huge reason for this form of inequality and many more; is the negative qualities seen as being feminine or possessed by only women. Women are seen as the weaker sex, they are too emotional to take on high power roles and are better suited for care giving ones. These connections are directly related to the way in which gender is seen and taught by society. In the USA, women are more likely than men to have a college degree yet are more likely to live in poverty and have lower earnings than men. (Smilowitz, 2015) After examining the meaning of gender, how we learn gender through the socialisation process and societys gender order it is clear to see that all these factors lend their hand to gender inequality. Gender inequality is seen throughout the world, in ways that are often universal. And, contrary to popular belief does not only affect one gender but both and all genders. The social contrast of gender puts us a box. A box that aims to dictate how we will lead our lives based on our biological sex. Inequality runs rapid through our daily lives References Jolly, S., (2002). Issue 10: Culture, Sussex: In Brief . Macionis, J. Plummer, K., (2012). Gender and Sexualities. Third Edition ed. Harlow: Pearson Prentice Hall. Marchbank, J. Letherby, G., (2007). Introduction to Gender Social Science Perspective. First ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Pilcher, J. Whelehan, I.,( 2004). 50 Key Concepts in Gender Studies. 1st ed. London: Sage Publications. Punch, S., Marsh, I., Keating, M. Harden, J., (2013). Sociology: Making Sense of Society. Fifth Edition ed. Harlow: Person Education Limited. Ryle, R.,( 2015). Questioning Gender: A Sociological Exploration. 2nd ed. California: Sage Publications. Smilowitz, A., (2015). For U.S. Women, Inequality Takes Many Forms The Huffington Post, 14 April, avaliable: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ariel-smilowitz/for-us-women-inequality-takes-many-forms_b_7064348.html [accessed 18 Mar 2017]

Ethical Dilemmas in Nursing Profession Essays -- Nursing Health

Nurses are faced with ethical dilemmas on a daily basis, each situation being unique and requiring the nurse to set aside their own values and beliefs in order to properly care for their patients. Situations requiring nurses to make an ethical decision are diverse and dynamic; the values set out by the College of Nurses of Ontario code of ethics remains the same. Therefore, all decision based on these vales regardless of the setting and circumstances ensure consistent solutions. The scenario involves a woman who was admitted to the NICU due to complications during her sixth month of pregnancy. The patient indicated that no extraordinary measures should be made to save her baby; she became further detached when the baby developed a bleed that resulted in some permanent brain damage. The ethical dilemma arose when the mother decided to put the baby up for adoption, stating she did not have time to take care of a special needs child. This paper attempts to explain the ethical values imp licated in the scenario detailed below, in which the nurse cares for both mother and baby. The client was a professional, thirty-five year old woman who had been married for 10 years. She was of South Asian decent and hailed from a poor family background. After years of trying to start a family, she finally achieved her first pregnancy through in vitro fertilization. During her sixth month of pregnancy the mother started to experience complication. She was advised by the nurse and the medical team to remain on bed rest and relax. The patient confided in the nurse, that she was having trouble balancing her work life while being pregnant and became resentful when the pregnancy complication forced her into bed rest. She further confided to the nurse th... ...ent value system possessed by their clients. The nurse identified her own values in this situation and ensured that it did not impact the decision of the mother; her solution to the problem was soundly based on the CNO ethical values. The nurse worked with her team to ensure the best possible solution to the situation, one which would benefit the mother and child equally. The mother indicated her decision to not care for her baby and so the nurse aided her in choosing the best possible alternative. In the end the mother chose to put her baby up for adoption. Works Cited Ethical values . (2009). College of Nurses of Ontario , Husted, J, & Husted, G. (2008). Ethical decision making in nursing and health care. New York: Springer Publishing Company . Daniels, R. (2004). Nursing fundamental, caring and clinical decision making . NY: Thompson Learning .

Halal Food Essay

Hello Ladies and gentlemen, this is our final project for Journalism and Mass Communication senior class video presentation, an interview from the Taipei Grand Mosque Assistant Imam Musa. It presents an interview on what are the differences between halal and non-halal foods? In this interview, we will present to you Halal Food Consumption in Taiwan, What we meant by Halal, where Muslims buy and eat Halal foods. And as well as how Muslims Brothers and Sisters could seeks advice in country they travel to where a handful of Muslims is found. From what the Imam just rightly said, only the celebration of Eids is the time when the Taipei (Taiwan) Govt. allows them to slaughter or sacrifice their animals, only at the Grand Mosque in Taiwan. These memorable days marks the Muslims celebration of Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha, Muslims commemorate and remember Abraham’s trials, by themselves slaughtering an animal such as a sheep, camel, or goat This action is very often misunderstood by those outside the faith. Allah has given us power over animals and allowed us to eat meat, but only if we pronounce His name (To make our food Halal) at the time of taking life. Muslims slaughter animals in the same way throughout the year. By saying the Name of Allah (Bismillah) at the time of slaughtering, we are reminded in that way that life is sacred. As the majority of Muslims gathered every Friday (to pray Friday Prayers known as Salatul Juma). This is the only time when you can buy halal meat imported from Australia and New Zealand as the imam said. Friday, is a religious festival for the Muslims. In this holy day, the Muslims gather at the mosques at noon time. They listen to the khutbas (Speeches made by the Imam). Then after the prayers, most of the people go to that restaurant to buy that halal meat and halal foods sold at that restaurant only on Friday noon.

Research Investigation: commedia dell’arte masks Essay

According to italian theatre historians, such as Roberto Tessari, Ferdinando Taviani, and Luciano Pinto, Commedia dell’arte, which literally translated as improvised comedy, developed as a response to the political and economic crisis of the 16th century in Italy and, as a consequence, became the first entirely professional form of theatre [1]. It is believed that the use of mask in commedia dell’atre originated in 1570 with Andrea Calmo, the actor and author who was inspired by the venetian carnivals of the time. She created Pantaloon who is the one of the most famous characters of commedia dell’arte today. She went on to create the spanish captain ‘Il Capitano’. Although her characters were initially unmasked, Andrea wished that the spirit of the Italian carnival ( which celebrates the epiphany [2] ) would be represented in her plays and therefore she introduced the masks and thus created the commedia dell’arte that we know today. [3] The carnival of venice. [1] Records of commedia dell’arte performances date back as early as 1551, where they were acted by professionals outside on temporary stages with costumes and masks. But as it was so popular with the nobles, many performances were also done indoors at court for the amusement of nobles. [4] After it became famous with the nobles the troupes began to move to france where many play writes such as Moliere were inspired to move their written works towards comedy.[5] Commedia dell’arte started to become popular outside Italy in the beginning of the seventeenth century. As the ‘tipo fisso’ (fixed stereotypes) soon became satiric references to the Italian parliament and to the typical Italian person it became one of the most popular comic theatre genres in the 17th and 18th century. [6] There are several reasons for the use of masks in commedia dell’atre. Primarily, as this type of theatre has fixed characters but is essentially improvised, the masks are used so that the audience was able to identify the characters. As commedia dell’arte was performed by different travelling companies, this meant that they would have different costumes, yet the masks would retain all the information needed to recognise a specific character. [7] Also as these performances were mainly on the streets or by the road, there would not really be a stage nor seating for the audience this made it difficult for everyone to see everything from the same angle or height. With the masks, all the audience could observe the emotions or actions that were being portrayed.[8] Commedia dell’arte masks were traditionally made of leather and only covered half of the actor’s face. They were like this so that the actor was able to project his voice and made certain noises that he could not do with a full mask. The masks were made to fit the face of a given actor because he or she would generally act out the same character for his/her entire career. Commedia dell’arte masks tend to have large, broad feature which are distinct to each character. For example on the character Zanni, the nose is very large. It is said that the larger the nose is, the stupider the Zanni represented tends to be. Zanni [2] Zanni [3] As I have said before, commedia dell’arte characters were based on ‘tipo fisso’ (a certain stereotype). Some of them have changed there name or personality over time for example Zanni, who is characterised as short of wit and always without money. Zanni has several masks that represent him which have changed over time with the fashion. Which all mean different things for example the Brighella mask which represents that poor and starving and hopeless side of Zanni and the Pucinella mask which represents the side which is also poor but although he is stupid he is able to outwit many. Many of the characters had a stereotypical opposite for example the stereotypical opposite of Zanni is represented with the well known character Pantalone (Pantaloon) who is typically arrogant and rich and who is always dealing with people who are trying to take his money away from him. Pantalone [4] Although most of the commedia dell’arte characters wore masks, there were few that were never masked. For example Isabella. Who was most famously acted by the famous actress Isabella Andreini. Also the lovers who were mostly the daughters and sons of the old and rich such as Pantalone or The Captain did not wear masks. This is because they were just there to bring the satiric comedy of romance and love to the performance. They were there to make the performance more light. And therefore did not have a specific characteristic apart from being completely in love with their character. [10] Commedia dell’arte masks were useful in the sense that although the the costumes and stage changed in fashion over time, The masks stayed basically the same. In this way the audience could appreciate and recognise the character and still enjoy new ways of the typical story being presented. In many schools such as Jaques Lecoq’s international school of theatre in paris, commedia dell’arte masks are used as a learning instrument for aspiring actors. Jaques Lecoq, was born in 1921 started off as a sports teacher and then moved on to acting with his partner, Gabreielle Cousin. He moved to Italy for eight years in 1948 where he discovered Commedia dell’arte. Together with the sculptor, Amleto Sartori, they developed the neutral mask. When Lecoq moved back to Paris he devoted the remainder of his life to teaching at his school. Jaques Lecoq [5] His school offers several courses that work on understanding and working with the body through the use of masks. His philosophy was that in order to become a good actor, you needed to use the Neutral masks to discover your body, movement, balance and space. He also believed that the typical half masks of commedia dell’arte, played an important role in improvisation and to work on character types therefore he integrated both into his courses [11]. Words 1000 (not including bibliography, notes under images nor titles ) Bibliography: [1] – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commedia_dell’arte [2] – http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/holidays/mardi_gras.htm [3] – http://italian.about.com/library/weekly/aa110800a.htm [4] -http://www.tutu-inc.com/thesis/THESIS.htm [5] -http://www.therudemechanicaltheatre.co.uk/talkarchive.htm [6] -http://www.tutu-inc.com/thesis/THESIS.htm [7] – http://www.usq.edu.au/artsworx/schoolresources/androclesandthelion/commedia#Mask [8] – http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_masks_used_for [9] – http://italian.about.com/library/weekly/aa110800a.htm [10] -http://www.delpiano.com/carnival/html [11] – http://www.ecole-jacqueslecoq.com Bibliography of Images: [1] – http://travel.smart-guide.net/venice-carnival [2] – http://tombanwell.blogspot.com/2010/09/zanni-leather-mask.html [3] – http://www.theater-masks.com/commedia-masks/commedia-mask-zanni-1 [4] – http://www.clg-mignet.ac-aix-marseille.fr/mignet/spip.php?article440 [5] – http://www.maghress.com/fr/marochebdo/31832

Major General Charles Lee in the American Revolution

Major General Charles Lee in the American Revolution Major General Charles Lee (February 6, 1732–October 2, 1782) was a controversial commander who served during the  American Revolution (1775–1783). A British Army veteran, he offered his services to the Continental Congress and was given a commission. Lees prickly demeanor and substantial ego brought him into frequent conflict with  General George Washington. He was relieved of his command during the  Battle of Monmouth Court House and was later dismissed from the Continental Army by Congress. Fast Fact: Major General Charles Lee Rank: Major GeneralService: British Army, Continental ArmyBorn: February 6, 1732 in Cheshire, EnglandDied: October 2, 1782 in Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaNicknames: Ounewaterika  or Boiling Water in MohawkParents: Major General John Lee and Isabella BunburyConflicts: French Indian War (1754-1763), American Revolution (1775-1783)Known For: Battle of the Monongahela, Battle of Carillon, Siege of Boston, Battle of Monmouth Early Life Born February 6, 1732, in Cheshire, England, Lee was the son of Major General John Lee and his wife Isabella Bunbury. Sent to school in Switzerland at an early age, he was taught a variety of languages and received a basic military education. Returning to Britain at age 14, Lee attended the King Edward VI School in Bury St. Edmonds before his father purchased him an ensigns commission in the British Army. Serving in his fathers regiment, the 55th Foot (later 44th Foot), Lee spent time in Ireland before purchasing a lieutenants commission in 1751. With the beginning of the French and Indian War, the regiment was ordered to North America. Arriving in 1755, Lee took part Major General Edward Braddocks disastrous campaign which ended at the Battle of the Monongahela on July 9. French and Indian War Ordered to the Mohawk Valley in New York, Lee became friendly with the local Mohawks and was adopted by the tribe. Given the name Ounewaterika or Boiling Water, he was permitted to marry the daughter of one of the chiefs. In 1756, Lee purchased a promotion to captain and a year later took part in the failed expedition against the French fortress of Louisbourg. Returning to New York, Lees regiment became part of Major General James Abercrombies advance against Fort Carillon in 1758. That July, he was badly wounded during the bloody repulse at the Battle of Carillon. Recovering, Lee took part in Brigadier General John Prideauxs successful 1759 campaign to capture Fort Niagara before joining the British advance on Montreal the following year. Interwar Years With the conquest of Canada complete, Lee was transferred to the 103rd Foot and promoted to major. In this role, he served in Portugal and played a key part in Colonel John Burgoynes triumph at the Battle of Vila Velha on October 5, 1762. The fighting saw Lees men recapture the town and win a lopsided victory that inflicted around 250 killed and captured on the Spanish while only sustaining only 11 casualties. With the end of the war in 1763, Lees regiment was disbanded and he was placed on half-pay. Seeking employment, he traveled to Poland two years later and became an aide-de-camp to King Stanislaus (II) Poniatowski. Made a major general in the Polish service, he later returned to Britain in 1767. Still unable to obtain a position in the British Army, Lee resumed his post in Poland in 1769 and took part in the Russo-Turkish War (1778–1764). While abroad, he lost two fingers in a duel. To America Invalided back to Britain in 1770, Lee continued to petition for a post in the British service. Though promoted to lieutenant colonel, no permanent position was available. Frustrated, Lee decided to return to North America and settled in western Virginia in 1773. There he purchased a large estate near lands owned by his friend Horatio Gates. Quickly impressing key individuals in the colony, such as Richard Henry Lee, he became sympathetic to the Patriot cause. As hostilities with Britain looked increasingly likely, Lee advised that an army should be formed. With the Battles of Lexington and Concord and subsequent beginning of the American Revolution in April 1775, Lee immediately offered his services to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia. Joining the American Revolution Based on his prior military exploits, Lee fully expected to be made the commander-in-chief of the new Continental Army. Though Congress was pleased to have an officer with Lees experience join the cause, it was put off by his slovenly appearance, desire to be paid, and frequent use of obscene language. The post instead was given to another Virginian, General George Washington. Lee was commissioned as the Armys second-most senior major general behind Artemis Ward. Despite being listed third in the Armys hierarchy, Lee was effectively second, as the aging Ward had little ambition beyond overseeing the ongoing Siege of Boston. Charleston Immediately resentful of Washington, Lee traveled north to Boston with his commander in July 1775. Taking part in the siege, his gruff personal behavior was tolerated by other officers due to his prior military accomplishments. With the arrival of the new year, Lee was ordered to Connecticut to raise forces for the defense of New York City. Shortly thereafter, Congress appointed him to command the Northern, and later Canadian, Department. Though selected for these posts, Lee never served in them because on March 1, Congress directed him to take over the Southern Department at Charleston, South Carolina. Reaching the city on June 2, Lee was quickly faced with the arrival of a British invasion force led by Major General Henry Clinton and Commodore Peter Parker. As the British prepared to land, Lee worked to fortify the city and support Colonel William Moultries garrison at Fort Sullivan. Doubtful that Moultrie could hold, Lee recommended that he fall back to the city. This was refused and the forts garrison turned back the British at the Battle of Sullivans Island on June 28. In September, Lee received orders to rejoin Washingtons army at New York. As a nod to Lees return, Washington changed the name of Fort Constitution, on the bluffs overlooking the Hudson River, to Fort Lee. Reaching New York, Lee arrived in time for the Battle of White Plains. Issues with Washington In the wake of the American defeat, Washington entrusted Lee with a large portion of the Army and tasked him with first holding Castle Hill and then Peekskill. With the collapse of the American position around New York after the losses of Fort Washington and Fort Lee, Washington began retreating across New Jersey. As the retreat began, he ordered Lee to join him with his troops. As the autumn had progressed, Lees relationship with his superior had continued to degrade and he began sending intensely critical letters regarding Washingtons performance to Congress. Though one of these was accidentally read by Washington, the American commander, more disappointed than angered, did not take action. Capture Moving at a slow pace, Lee brought his men south into New Jersey. On December 12, his column encamped south of Morristown. Rather than remain with his men, Lee and his staff took quarters at Whites Tavern several miles from the American camp. The next morning, Lees guard was surprised by a British patrol led by Lieutenant Colonel William Harcourt and including Banastre Tarleton. After a brief exchange, Lee and his men were captured. Though Washington attempted to exchange several Hessian officers taken at Trenton for Lee, the British refused. Held as a deserter due to his previous British service, Lee wrote and submitted a plan for defeating the Americans to General Sir William Howe. An act of treason, the plan was not made public until 1857. With the American victory at Saratoga, Lees treatment improved and he was finally exchanged for Major General Richard Prescott on May 8, 1778. Battle of Monmouth Still popular with Congress and parts of the Army, Lee rejoined Washington at Valley Forge on May 20, 1778. The following month, British forces under Clinton began evacuating Philadelphia and moving north to New York. Assessing the situation, Washington desired to pursue and attack the British. Lee strenuously objected to this plan as he felt the new alliance with France precluded the need to fight unless victory was certain. Overruling Lee, Washington and the army crossed to New Jersey and closed with the British. On June 28, Washington ordered Lee to take a force of 5,000 men forward to attack the enemys rearguard. At around 8 a.m., Lees column met the British rearguard under Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis just north of Monmouth Court House. Rather than commence a coordinated attack, Lee committed his troops piecemeal and rapidly lost control of the situation. After a few hours of fighting, the British moved to flank Lees line. Seeing this, Lee ordered a general retreat after offering little resistance. Falling back, he and his men encountered Washington, who was advancing with the rest of the Army. Appalled by the situation, Washington sought out Lee and demanded to know what had happened. After receiving no satisfactory answer, he rebuked Lee in one of the few instances where he swore publicly. Replying with inappropriate language, Lee was immediately relieved of his command. Riding forward, Washington was able to rescue American fortunes during the remainder of the Battle of Monmouth Court House. Later Career and Life Moving to the rear, Lee promptly wrote two highly insubordinate letters to Washington and demanded a court-martial to clear his name. Obliging, Washington had a court-martial convened at New Brunswick, New Jersey on July 1. Proceeding under the guidance of Major General Lord Stirling, the hearings concluded on August 9. Three days later, the board returned and found Lee guilty of disobeying orders in the face of the enemy, misbehavior, and disrespecting the commander-in-chief. In the wake of the verdict, Washington forwarded it to Congress for action. On December 5, Congress voted to sanction Lee by relieving him from command for one year. Forced from the field, Lee began working to overturn the verdict and openly attacked Washington. These actions cost him what little popularity he had remaining. In response to his assault on Washington, Lee was challenged to several duels. In December 1778, Colonel John Laurens, one of Washingtons aides, wounded him in the side during a duel. This injury prevented Lee from following through on a challenge from Major General Anthony Wayne. Returning to Virginia in 1779, he learned that Congress intended to dismiss him from the service. In response, he wrote a scathing letter that resulted in his formal dismissal from the Continental Army on January 10, 1780. Death Lee moved to Philadelphia in the same month as his dismissal, January 1780. He resided in the city until taking ill and dying on October 2, 1782. Though unpopular, his funeral was attended by much of Congress and several foreign dignitaries. Lee was buried at Christ Episcopal Church and Churchyard in Philadelphia.

Confucius Essays

Confucius Essays Confucius Paper Confucius Paper They have distinctly different beliefs. Confucianism was developed by a Chinese philosopher named KÂ ¶Eng FUzi (551- 479 BCC), also known as Confucius. He was a knowledgeable man who thought about how people should live, how righteousness (Lie) can be achieved and how the society or government should be structured. The Analects of Confucius explains how men can become a gentlemen. If a man follows the rules of Confucius and completes all his duties of his status, he could influence others In society to be honorable, hardworking, honest, and just. A gentleman said, Feels bad when his capableness fall short of the task. He does not feel bad when people fall to recognize him (15. 18). A gentlemen Is different because he does not care about personal gains; his Integrity Is more Important. He never stated whether humans were born evil or good, he did however say that humanity shared the same qualities. They all have the ability to be conditioned through studying and practicing. During the warring states period, Han Fizz (280-233 BC) and Shank Yang (390-338 BC) wanted people to follow a philosophy that could strengthen the government and to create laws that are firmer. Legalism may have originated from Zinc (312-230 SC), a student of Confucius. He believed that all men were born evil and their natural self-interest dominates them the moment they are born, the desire for love, wealth, and power causes people to conduct impulsive actions. Legalism has a set of rules and if they are broken, there will be consequences and punishments. This related to the First Emperor Sin Slashing Dells book burning. The three elements of a proper government based on legalists are power and position (SSL), administrative techniques and methods (Chub ND comprehensive systems of law (FAA). Confucius and Legalism did not preach an afterlife, so if one needed mental support Confucius would tell them to rely on books and knowledge for comfort and Han Fee-Uzi would tell one to be diligent with work. According to a Confucianism, a ruler has to be worthy in order for his subjects to obey him. In the Emperor Tagging on Effective Government it wrote, When a ruler looks as lofty and firm as a mountain peak People will admire and respect him (112). The government was created to assist the people. In a legalists perspective, the overspent comes before anything else and the people are there to serve the government. Legalism believes one should prepare for war and contribute In physical labor, but Confucianism believes life should be centered more on education and advancing your talking to promote better living styles. In East Asia: a Cultural, Social, and Political History It says, Ruler should promote worthy and capable, Lossless ten Incompetent, Ana puns ten evil (2 Legally TTS Delve Tanat violence and abuse can control the people while Confucianism believe that an educated ruler can regulate the people. They both have different views on ruling the government and how rulers should act. Confucius precepts and standards gained new currency in the Han Empire. However, administrators appeared to have accepted the philosophy of Legalism without openly promoting it. A reason why the Han dynasty lasted for more than 400 years is because the Han emperors implemented a combination of legalism and Confucianism called imperial Confucianism. This ideology helps provide a leader who does not execute his power through violence. Instead, a ruler needs to be progressive and set a moral example in order for other to embrace his leadership. The imperial examinations were tests on the Confucian classics to select officials for the state bureaucracy. His officials had to have knowledge and the government had a mix of Confucianism and Legalism. The stem to all the chaos was to incorporate the practices and other philosophies from the golden age. The altercation would bring unity to the people and would become fruitful to the government. Despite the difference between Legalism and Confucianism, it was an intelligent idea for the Han Dynasty to utilize them together to promote a successful government for 400 years.

Word Order in Spanish

Word Order in Spanish The subject of word order in Spanish can be quite complex, so this lesson should be considered merely an introduction. As you study Spanish, you will encounter a wide variety of ways of ordering words in a sentence, many of them ways that are impossible or awkward in English. In general, Spanish is more flexible with its word order than English is. In both languages, a typical statement consists of a noun followed by a verb followed by an object (if the verb has an object). In English, variations from that norm are used mostly for literary effect. But in Spanish, changes in the word order can be heard in everyday conversation or seen frequently in everyday writing such as that found in newspapers and magazines. Typical Word Orders The chart below shows examples of some common ways of ordering words. Note that in many sentences the subject can be omitted if it can be understood from the context. As a beginning student, you dont need to memorize these word-order possibilities, but you should be familiar with these common schemes so you dont trip over them when you come across them. Type Order Example Comment Statement Subject, verb Roberto estudia. (Roberto is studying.) This word order is extremely common and can be considered the norm. Statement Subject, verb, object Roberto compr el libro. (Roberto bought the book.) This word order is extremely common and can be considered the norm. Statement Subject, object pronoun, verb Roberto lo compr. (Roberto bought it.) This word order is extremely common and can be considered the norm. Object pronouns precede conjugated verbs; they can be attached at the end of infinitives and present participles. Question Question word, verb, subject Dnde est el libro? (Where is the book?) This word order is extremely common and can be considered the norm. Exclamation Exclamatory word, adjective, verb, subject Qu linda es Roberta! (How beautiful Roberta is!) This word order is extremely common and can be considered the norm. Many exclamations omit one or more of these sentence parts. Statement Verb, noun Sufren los nios. (The children are suffering.) Placing the verb ahead of the noun can have the effect of placing more emphasis on the verb. In the sample sentence, the emphasis is more on the suffering than who is suffering. Statement Object, verb, noun El libro lo escribi Juan. (John wrote the book.) Placing the object at the beginning of the sentence can have the effect of placing more emphasis on the object. In the sample sentence, the emphasis is on what was written, not who wrote it. The pronoun lo, although redundant, is customary in this sentence construction. Statement Adverb, verb, noun Siempre hablan los nios. (The children are always talking.) In general, Spanish adverbs are kept close to the verbs they modify. If an adverb starts a sentence, the verb frequently follows. Phrase Noun, adjective la casa azul y cara (the expensive blue house) Descriptive adjectives, especially ones that describe something objectively, usually are placed after the nouns they modify. Phrase Adjective, noun Otras casas (other houses); mi querida amiga (my dear friend) Adjectives of number and other nondescriptive adjectives usually precede the noun. Often, so do adjectives being used to describe something subjectively, such as to impart an emotional quality to it. Phrase Preposition, noun en la caja (in the box) Note that Spanish sentences can never end in a preposition, as is commonly done in English. Command Verb, subject pronoun Estudia t. (Study.) Pronouns are often unnecessary in commands; when used, they nearly always immediately follow the verb. Sample Sentences Demonstrating Spanish Word Order The sentences below  are examples of Spanish as it is most commonly ordered: La atencià ³n a los recià ©n llegados es un reto para las Fuerzas de Seguridad. (Attention to the recently arrived is a challenge for the Security Forces. Here the word order is almost to what you would find in English.) Diagnostican por error una gripe a una joven y terminan amputndole la pierna. (They diagnosed the flu by mistake in a boy and ended up amputating his leg. Here the phrase por error, meaning by mistake, is kept closer to the verb, diagnostican, than it would be in English.) Un coche blanco ser ms fresco en verano. (A white car will be cooler in summer. The adjective blanco, meaning white, comes after the word for car, coche, not before.)  ¿Dà ³nde estn las oportunidades? (Where are the opportunities? In simple questions, English and Spanish word order can be identical.) Es importante que me diga con quià ©n saliste. (It is important that you tell me who you left with. The pronoun object me, me in English, comes before diga, you left,  the reverse of English. And while the English sentence ends with the preposition with, in Spanish con must come before the word here for who, quià ©n.) Key Takeaways Although word order in Spanish is often similar to that of English, Spanish can be more flexible.Among the key differences are  that descriptive adjectives usually follow nouns, and Spanish sentences cannot end in a preposition.Spanish adverbs usually are placed next to or very close to the words they modify.

The moral, ethical and legal issues affecting modern e-business Essay

The moral, ethical and legal issues affecting modern e-business organisations - Essay Example In 2009 UK recorded 18.3 million internet users, accounting for the 70% of country’s total population, which â€Å"is an increase of just under 2 million households (11 per cent) over the last year and 4 million households (28 per cent) since 2006† (National Statistics, Internet Access, 2009). This scenario comprise of a number of different players that range from technological innovations, multinational companies, public policies, legal issues, and ethical values, present a number of challenging constraints and opportunities. Maintaining certain ethical and moral values within any form of commercial enterprise (including modern e-business organisations) are important for attaining sustainable success for that firm. Recently it has become especially important for the business firms, especially those involved in e-commerce, to maintain correct ethical and moral behavioural attitudes to avoid legal problems. In this era of economic globalization and technological convergence there is an emergence of a new form of internet-based society often referred to as the knowledge society, and has raised questions on issues related to various ethical, moral and legal matters. The modern computer based technologies, used for collecting, amassing, managing, and communicating data, though managed to bring in new reforms in the dispersion and application of information, also brought in various ethical and legal dilemmas. The various business firms that operate within this arena face difficulties in the context of right to information, right to privacy, right to the freedom of expression, and intellectual property rights, which vary from country to country. The immense importance and efficiency of internet based systems that include worldwide and local system networks, databases, and the various programs for data processing make it compulsory that policymakers make a review of the existing rights and r esponsibilities, in relation to conducting e-businesses in a legal and ethical manner. (Lynch, Ethical Issues in Electronic Information Systems, 1994). Discussion What is e-business and e-commerce? In the recent times it has been observed that â€Å"The capabilities and opportunities provided by the Internet have transformed many legitimate business activities, augmenting the speed, ease, and range with which transactions can be conducted while also lowering many of the costs†( Williams, 2002, 1). The increase in e-business transactions is evident in the figures presented in the UK National Statistics survey report, â€Å"The value of Internet sales by businesses rose to ?71.1 billion in 2004, an increase of 81 per cent [from] 2003... The results of the 2004 survey show growth in the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and large increases in the value of trade over the Internet. The results also highlight significantly greater use of ICTs by the largest businesses (those with 1000 or more employees)... Internet purchases by businesses rose 64.6 per cent from ?37.9 billion in 2003 to ?62.4 billion in 2004† (National Statistics, News Release, 2005). Though computer and data processing systems were present during the 70s and 80s, it was primarily the late nineties that saw a rise in e-trade, where the Internet changed the way many business activities were conducted through speed augmentation, â€Å"ease, and range with which transactions can be conducted while also lowering many of the costs†(Williams, 2002, 1). Thus, the changing perspectives of trading community from that of an actual ‘

Diglossia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Diglossia - Research Paper Example Keywords: Arabic, diglossia, Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, Iraqi/Syrian dialect Arabic is among the diglossic languages of the world because two formal varieties exist in concurrent use. These varieties are Classical Arabic (CA) and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Both are referred to as al-lugha al-fusha or simply fusha for short, the latter part being pronounced as al-fuS-Ha and meaning ‘pure’ or ‘most eloquent’. Badawi however, distinguishes between al-fusha al-turath for CA and al-fusha al-‘asr for MSA (Ryding, 2005: 4). This distinction reflects the historical and cultural differences as CA pertains to Arab heritage (al-turath) and MSA pertains to the modern era (al-‘asr). Vincent Monteil (1960) thus regarded MSA as a modern development of the old classical form of CA. There are also colloquial forms and various dialects but the main distinction is drawn between the two aforementioned literary forms. Many Arabs and indeed Muslims r egard CA as the pure form, as it is the form used in the Holy Quran and the form used in heaven, and therefore regard all other varieties as inferior. The syntax and morphology of CA have thus remained intact but the lexicon present in MSA is changed. This classical form is the same globally although it has few fluent speakers whereas the other varieties are distinct enough â€Å"so as to impede mutual intelligibility† (Tan, 1999: 264). Nonetheless, the spoken varieties tend to be of greater practical benefit in the present age, as shown in a study by Palmer (2008). On the other hand, MSA, which functions as a global lingua franca, is used by the media and â€Å"stirs pan-Arab nationalistic feelings in the Arab world† (Palmer, 2008: 93). Above all, it also allows for greater intelligibility of the Holy Quran from being closer to CA and is the more respected and educated variety. It functions as educated Arabic speech because it is â€Å"characterized by general intell igibility among great regional and stylistic diversity† (Mitchell, 1986). Essentially therefore, despite a multiplicity of forms and dialects, Arabic is a prime example of diglossia. The term ‘diglossia’ was first used by the Greeks to describe two different varieties of their language, namely Dhimotiki and Katharevousa. Diglossia was more recently examined by Charles Ferguson (1959) in his book ‘Diglossia’ in which three other diglossic languages were identified including Arabic. It â€Å"describes any stable linguistic situation, in which there exists a strict functional differentiation between a (socially) ‘L(ow)-variety’ and a distinct ‘H(igh)-variety’† (Bussmann, 2006: 345). The latter is differentiated from the former by being more grammatically complex, standardised and formal. Gumperz (1964) considered linguistic societies as diglossic if functionally distinct varieties were found, but did not regard them as bi lingual because of their close relationship whereas Fishman (1967) related diglossia closely to bilingualism. Other scholars who have studied diglossia include Kremnitz (1987) and Willemyns & Bister (1989). As far as the various dialects of Arabic are concerned, the present day dialects can be roughly divided according to four geographical regions, which are: (1) Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf, (2) Levantine, (3)

Contribution toward ENG 105 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contribution toward ENG 105 - Essay Example Like for many students, expressing ideas through writing seems enjoyable to me and it is therefore important to establish the different writing accomplishments throughout the semester. Beginning my college experience this semester, I felt that I had performed at a slightly lower level pertaining the reading and writing proficiency. The justification for this rating can be based upon my first assignment on the response to the â€Å"front and back matter† of RGRW and Real Boys which required students to have a definite introduction, conclusion, thesis, and of course, transitions, quotations and organization. My references were incomplete, they did not follow an alphabetical order and the paper did not only lack in text citations, but also the works cited page in the reference section. I used a rather simple business writing style in writing up the assignment, a style that I had been using to write for the past couple of years. In addition, the paragraph transitions were to a large extent non-existent and prolixity was such a big problem. All through the college experience, taking the Basic English and literature classes have enabled me to address the issue of competency. For instance, the English 105 class has enabled me to learn on the various essentialities of both the spoken and written language. From the class, I have been able to gain knowledge on how to cite references and use proper works cited pages. Besides, I have also learnt the different writing formats such as the MLA, Harvard and APA for typing papers. The argument-based English class that I took equally enabled me to realize that every paper needs to have a flow and transition with specific points to highlight and echo on. In my second assignment, the instructor gave us a paper that was based on the observations made on the different aspects in the campus. This assignment enabled me to gain the ability to make a

Education by computer -a better way Research Paper

Education by computer -a better way - Research Paper Example Nonetheless, despite wide acceptability of this trend, there has been debate from many quotas on the suitableness of this, as a schoolrooms method. The question of whether computers are the best way to go has been motivated by a myriad of factors such as, the cost and maintenance of computers and the whether it adds value or it is just a passing fad. The importance of the roles played by computers in the modern classroom will be discussed with the intent of logically proving that they are they are a crucial aspect of modern education. Keen consideration into the basic psychology of most school going children age ranging from early childhood to late teens will reveal one common factor, they all benefit more from practical student centered learning as opposed to, teacher centered learning. Here, computers come in handy; a teacher will instruct a student on how to obtain information using a certain software or website. The teacher will just require providing the basic skills and he/ she will leave the student to do the rest as the teacher supervises. Students and teachers can use LCD projectors, Digital cameras I pads and smart boards among other technological equipment to harness the power of computer technology in class (Meador). ... Besides considering learners today, especially teens spend much of their time on their iPhones and laptops browsing and chatting, it is natural for them to be more interested in a class that has computers. This is because they will using the same gadgets they normally associate with fun and leisure, and having conditioned themselves thus they are likely to react favorably to technology in class ultimately translating in higher grades. As aforementioned, computer education, or education through computers provides learners with invaluable computer skills, which can serve them well in retrospect as they enter the job market or self-employ. Furthermore, there is innumerable gaming software that can be used inside or outside the classroom situation, to develop not only the computer skills but also the psychomotor skills such as hand and eye co-ordination in young children. Math and mind games also help learners develop; analytical and critical thinking and problem solving skills that cont ribute to their personal and professional growth. Other benefits of gaming activities include improved memory and dexterity with computers, which is one of the requirements for one to excel in the games (Salgado). Teachers as parts of lessons can use these games or curricular activities as part of team building by diving learners in groups and having them compete against each other. They also allow a chance for the more bookish students to shine in co-curricular activities to make up for lack of finesse in the field or gym. Online tutoring is another crucial benefit having computers in the classroom since learners are able to stay in contact with their teachers through the internet. They can consult them

TAX Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

TAX - Essay Example The code of ethics is developed by a professional body such as the ICAEW and often, it is monitored and enforced by the body especially where governmental regulations are of little or no effect. Members are, therefore, to follow the code in order to be in good standing with the institution or organization. Ethics is concerned with operations of the organization; thus to handle client relationships, a code of conduct is required in an institution. The code of conduct refers to a practical document of set standards and principles that govern client relationships with staff members in the organization. The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) defines a professional code of conduct that accountants are supposed to follow. It is applicable to everyone affiliated to ICAEW, i.e. students, staff members and employees of member firms in professional and business activities. According to the CISI code of conduct, members are required to demonstrate high standards of professional conduct and take into consideration the interests of the general public. Ethical behaviour is essential in gaining public trust in financial reporting and business practice hence to uphold ones accountancy reputation ICAEW outline the principles under which the accountants should operate. Similarly, the Charted Institute of Security Investment (CISI) has a code of conduct that aims at boosting banking finance integrity through raising professional standards of the financial services offered. According to CISI, an essential component of professionalism is integrity that is the effective recipe of knowledge skills and behaviour. In essence, both the ICAEW code of ethics and the CISI code of conduct are concerned with professionalism For CISI, the professionals who operate in the securities and investment industry are obligated to the

Business Organisation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Organisation - Assignment Example The main aim behind all these changes and sophistications was to create a system under which the business world could grow. The introduction of legalities was another aspect that played a huge role in the development of the business world. The legalities made sure that the business practices are free from any element that can hurt a belief, value, culture, norm, etc. Business can be intuited after a thorough research of the market also keeping in view the personal capability as well. A grocery store can be a good investment especially for the one who is entering the business world. The option of grocery business is selected as the chances of return in the business are high and the complexities of legal procedures and licenses, etc. are not included (Pakroo, 2012). The sole proprietorship nature of the business allows it to be started more conveniently than other forms of business. The procedure might not be easy but it is not complex either. The sole proprietorship business puts all of the responsibility on the shoulder of the owner. The unlimited liability of the owner in the business is rather challenging. Sole proprietorship business can be started without any hassle as it does not involve any formalities that large corporations require. The first responsibility of the owner to start the business is choosing a name for the business. Starting a grocery store will not involve any complexities of partnerships that big corporations require at the start of their operations. In the grocery store the requirement of acquiring a license is not included. License to sell different products may be a requirement in some cases but they can be obtained rather easily. For example to sell liquor a license is needed and it can be obtained much more easily than acquiring a license to start a business involving partners or corporations. The next step in starting a business is the selection of a name.

TAX Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

TAX - Essay Example The code of ethics is developed by a professional body such as the ICAEW and often, it is monitored and enforced by the body especially where governmental regulations are of little or no effect. Members are, therefore, to follow the code in order to be in good standing with the institution or organization. Ethics is concerned with operations of the organization; thus to handle client relationships, a code of conduct is required in an institution. The code of conduct refers to a practical document of set standards and principles that govern client relationships with staff members in the organization. The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) defines a professional code of conduct that accountants are supposed to follow. It is applicable to everyone affiliated to ICAEW, i.e. students, staff members and employees of member firms in professional and business activities. According to the CISI code of conduct, members are required to demonstrate high standards of professional conduct and take into consideration the interests of the general public. Ethical behaviour is essential in gaining public trust in financial reporting and business practice hence to uphold ones accountancy reputation ICAEW outline the principles under which the accountants should operate. Similarly, the Charted Institute of Security Investment (CISI) has a code of conduct that aims at boosting banking finance integrity through raising professional standards of the financial services offered. According to CISI, an essential component of professionalism is integrity that is the effective recipe of knowledge skills and behaviour. In essence, both the ICAEW code of ethics and the CISI code of conduct are concerned with professionalism For CISI, the professionals who operate in the securities and investment industry are obligated to the

Chocolate and Brownies Essay Example for Free

Chocolate and Brownies Essay Baking brownies seems easy enough, but have you ever followed every step on the back of the box and weren’t happy with the outcome? I think we all have done that a number of times. If you want to know how to create the most amazing mouth-watering brownies keep reading. You and anyone who will get the pleasure of enjoying the brownies won’t be disappointed with your new and improved recipe. Start off by making a grocery list to purchase the items you do not have. The main ingredients are as follows: 1 small avocado, 1 cup brown sugar, 1/3 cup pure maple syrup, 2 tbsp sunflower oil, 1 tbsp ground chia seeds, 2 tsp vanilla extract, 2 tsp dark roasted coffee (or instant), 1/3 cup dark chocolate chips, 1 ? cup whole grain spelt flour, ? cup cocoa powder, ? tsp baking powder, ? tsp baking soda, ? tsp Himalayan sea salt. This may seem like an extensive list, but trust me, your taste buds will be going crazy as soon as the first bite is taken. Not only are these brownies going to be a delicious satisfaction to the chocolate craving many of us wish to fulfill, but the actually are not as bad for you as you may think. The ingredients listed substitute a lot of the ingredients in boxed brownies such as oils and eggs which may leave you feeling guilty after indulging. Ok, so as soon as you have the ingredients needed make sure you are working in a clean area. Before mixing the ingredients together preheat the oven to 350F, line an 8† pan with parchment paper, or cover with non-stick spray and set aside. In a large bowl, gently smash the avocado with a fork to break apart followed by a hand mixer (you don’t want any chunks). The avocado is used as a substitute and for texture, not necessarily for flavoring as you’ll notice in the final product you cannot taste it at all. Next, add in the brown sugar, maple syrup, oil, chia, vanilla extract, and coffee; mix this until smooth. Put the large bowl aside and grab a medium one. Sift together the flour, cocoa, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. Slowly add these dry ingredients to the wet mix on low with a mixer, or stir by hand until the dry mix is no longer visible. Stir in the chocolate chips, toss in a few extra if you’d like. Dump the mixture onto the baking pan, the batter will be extremely thick but do not worry, dipping your spatula into cold water will make it easier to spread out the batter. Once your batter is the way you want it to be in the pan, place it in the oven and let it cook for 20-25 minutes and no more. The batter may be giving you mixed signals while cooking, but I know from experience how shocking it is that 25 minutes could cook it thoroughly considering how thick it is first going into the oven. Try not to open the oven too much while it is cooking, only check on it after about 20 minutes. While the brownies are baking is a great time to clean up the bowls and spatula you used. Let them soak in hot soapy water because the batter being so thick takes quite a while scrubbing to be completely clean. Also be careful not to make the water too hot, you don’t want to be dipping your hand into scalding hot water. It’s time! The oven has buzzed and you probably cannot wait to peek at your wonderful brownies. Be sure to get oven mitts to remove the dish from the oven, test the center of the brownies with a fork and as long as it comes out clean they are fully cooked. It should come out clean, but if for some reason it hasn’t put them back in for no longer than 2 minutes. Nothing is worse than an over cooked brownie. Let the brownies cool for 20 minutes before diving in. After the 20 minutes has passed, cut the brownies into the size you desire. I have found a pizza cutter to be the easiest to get through the thick layers of fudge. You’re finished! You have just completed the best brownies you will ever experience in your life. Put a large scoop of vanilla ice cream on top and enjoy! Be sure not to give away your secret to others who will be sure to be envious.

The Importance Of Finding Alternative Materials Environmental Sciences Essay

The Importance Of Finding Alternative Materials Environmental Sciences Essay What is Alternative Building? This is usually the type of building that are considered alternative today, have their heredity in structures that humans have been constructing for centuries. The reason why these building techniques are gaining popularity in modern times is twofold. First, the old building techniques are far more eco-friendly than the majority structures we used to seeing; second, these structures are simple enough in nature that they can built cheaply and can be built without the aid of a lot of the heavy and expensive equipment which is normally related with most new construction. Currently words such as green, sustainable and alternative get used often in the construction industry, which make its pretty confusing and difficult to tell if any one particular method or material fall under one or many of these heading. The report will help identify, green alternative building method and materials which are less damaging to the environment than a similar practice used in conventional lumber-framed construction. The need to find alternative practices will encompass any building technique that can be done repeatedly without changing the environment in any noticeable way. The Importance of Finding alternative Materials As the world population continues to grow at an alarming rate, people are realizing that planet cannot sustain such continuous and exponential growth. With land being increasable limited and we are continually diminishing our natural resource such are timber, with majority of it being used to build homes. It is evident that we cannot continue to use our natural material at this rate to build our homes. With the awareness of these natural materials become increasing limited, has made the construction industry rethink their way and start to think more about sustainable construction. Using alternative material for 8building homes is much more environmental sustainable than conventional homes building. Depending on the type and amount of sustainable materials used, these types of alternative material can reduce the carbon footprint which is produce in building homes. According to the Worldwatch Institute, an independent organization that analyzes critical global issues, one-fourth of the worlds wood and one-sixth of its fresh water are used  in building construction. This situation will only become worse as the worlds population and more people continue to migrate toward cities. The greater demands also will add pressure on increasingly scarce essential resources, especially water. The Environment The environment has now become issues and with it being heightened news, the Governments and individuals have seem to take notice and now taking to make a change because we cannot continuing abusing the environment, this is not an option anymore. The chart below shows the proportion of CO2 emissions in the UK from buildings in use, the construction process (mainly due to the CO2 from the manufacture of building materials) and from all other sectors including industry, transport, agriculture etc. Buildings in use contribute about half of our CO2 emissions (and consume about half of our energy use). Figure 1 CO2 emissions The next chart shows where these emissions come from and with over half of our energy use and CO2 emissions from building use come from heating our buildings. Figure two Energy Waste. Government Action The UK government have stated that England must take action now, in order to make vast improvement to energy efficiency in both new and existing buildings. The government have set many ambitious goals, an example of one: they anticipate dramatic energy reductions to achieve its goal that all new homes in England will be carbon-neutral by 2016. World Business Council for Sustainable Development (2007) There are three main approaches to energy neutrality: Cut buildings energy demand by, for example, using equipment that is more energy efficient Produce energy locally from renewable and otherwise wasted energy resources Share energy create buildings that can generate surplus energy and feed it into an intelligent grid infrastructure. Efficiency gains in buildings are likely to provide the greatest energy reductions and in many cases will be the most economic option. A study by McKinsey estimated that demand reduction measures with no net cost could almost halve expected growth in global electricity demand. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report estimates that by 2020 CO2 emissions from building energy used can be reduced by 29% at no net cost World Business Council for Sustainable Development (2007) and a cost curve for greenhouse gas reduction, McKinsey Quarterly 2007 Number 1. Fox and Murrell (1989) state the fundamental ecology principle of renewable material, such as wood is sustainable source and are renewable however, for materials like metal, plastic, gravel and sand, stone-based materials such as cement, concrete and plaster, have been used cannot be used again, their consumption if the earth itself. (Berge, 1992) The extraction of certain raw material can be very destructive effects especially to the water table and wildlife habitats. Over usage of these materials can affect the availabilities of in the near future, cause environmental degradation, and contribute to global warming. Impact of the Construction The industry has a major impact on the environment, it affect are not only on the resources it consumes but also the waste it produces. The construction industry is accountable for producing a whole variety of different wastes, the amount and type of which depends on factors such as the stage of construction, type of construction work and practices on site. In Great Britain, over 90% of non-energy minerals is extracted and are used to supply the construction industry with materials. Furthermore, every year more than 70 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste has been produced in England and Wales The key is alternative basic materials because they have historically driven innovation in every industry, and could spur significant advances in todays housing. In order to gain acceptance, however, basic alternative materials must offer more benefits than the traditional materials or methods they replace. They must reduce costs, increase design flexibility, enhance sustainability, perform multiple functions, have superior performance characteristics, or meet a market niche. Another potential driver for adopting alternative basic materials is a shortage of existing natural materials or concerns about their long-term sustainability. Martà ­n(2005) states that in recent years, there has been a shortages of core natural resources; including lumber, steel, and gypsum, and this has driven construction costs higher. This volatility of supply and price motivates the industry to look for more sustainable solutions. Sustainability and resource shortages, in fact, will help to drive innovati ons in the future. The objective of alternative basic materials is to develop new materials that spur innovation by serving multiple functions, increasing cost-effectiveness and efficiency, and using more sustainable materials. In many cases, these technologies form building systems that enable other Concept Home principles such as integrated functions, floor plan flexibility, and improved production processes. Alternative basic materials consist of core technologies that manufacturers can use to create products or systems and composite systems that builders can purchase and use to build homes. Martà ­n(2005) Before considering the use of alternative materials, and before implementing into homes, practical issues must be considered, (Berge, 1992) say to be realistic to imagine a technology that functions in line holistic ideas, none-mainstream approach but also providing humanity with an acceptable material standard of living, basically Berge is trying to say there just be a balance between the Eco approach and what consumer want. Government Schemes and Regulation After The Stern Review (2006) advised that the implications of climate change couldnt be avoided any longer and urgent action was required, by that the comment the government took notice and started implementing changes to building regulations. In 2007, the Government introduced the  Code for Sustainable Homes  to help improve the standard of energy efficiency and sustainability of the housing sector, by setting target for all new houses to achieve a carbon rate of zero by 2016. This is a level 6 in the Code for Sustainable. Currently, the standards of the code are not mandatory for private house builders but there are intentions to incorporate them into the  Building Regulations over the next couple years, by implementing the changes to Part L which started in 2010. CAN I ADD MORE Constructing environmental friendly house To construct an environmental friendly houses are to focus on reducing the environmental impact of both its  construction  and its ongoing  operation. This is achievable at the design phase by selecting the correct material and the process. Environmental friendly houses and sustainable construction present an exciting opportunity for building houses. With the prospect of living in an environmentally efficient house that can generate its own power, also by reducing waste and running costs would be the first positive step for a sustainable future. Our activities have had a negative effect on the plant and the the Office for Climate Change 2010, attributing have stated that 27% of the UKs total carbon emissions to household heating and electricity, house construction is an area where we can make a huge difference. Ecological impact During the development and construction stages of house being built, a ecological assessment should be carried out that reduces its impact and if it would be possible to construct green or living roofs for new habitats to live.

Excessive Pride in Young Goodman Brown :: Nathaniel Hawthorne, YGB

     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is an allegory.   Hawthorne’s moral story is told through the perversion of a religious leader, Goodman Brown. Goodman is a Puritan minister who lets his excessive pride interfere with his relations with the community after he meets with the devil. The result is that Goodman lives the rest of his life in exile within his own community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Young Goodman Brown" begins when Faith, Brown's wife, asks him not to go on an "errand".   Goodman Brown says to his "love and (my) Faith" that "this one night I must tarry away from thee."   When he says his "love" and his "Faith", he is talking to his wife, but he is also talking to his "faith" to God.   He is venturing into the woods to meet with the Devil, and by doing so, he leaves his unquestionable faith in God with his wife.   He resolves that he will "cling to her skirts and follow her to Heaven."   This is an example of the excessive pride because he feels that he can sin and meet with the Devil because of this promise that he made to himself. There is a tremendous irony to this promise because when Goodman Brown comes back at dawn; he can no longer look at his wife with the same faith he had before.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Goodman Brown finally meets with the Devil, he declares that the reason he was late was because "Faith kept me back awhile."  Ã‚   This statement has a double meaning because his wife physically prevented him from being on time for his meeting with the devil, but his faith to God psychologically delayed his meeting with the devil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Devil had with him a staff that "bore the likeness of a great black snake".   The staff which looked like a snake is a reference to the snake in the story of Adam and Eve.   The snake led Adam and Eve to their destruction by leading them to the Tree of Knowledge.   The Adam and Eve story is similar to Goodman Brown in that they are both seeking unfathomable amounts of knowledge.   Once Adam and Eve ate from the Tree of Knowledge they were expelled from their paradise.   The Devil's staff eventually leads Goodman Brown to the Devil's ceremony which destroys Goodman Brown's faith in his fellow man, therefore expelling him from his utopia.

Virginia Woolfs Jacobs Room - Jacob Flanders, Many Things to Many Rea

Virginia Woolf's Jacob's Room - Jacob Flanders, Many Things to Many Readers Listless is the air in an empty room, just swelling the curtain; the flowers in the jar shift. One fibre in the wicker arm- chair creaks, though no one sits there. - Jacob's Room The year 1922 marks the beginning of High Modernism with the publications of T. S. Eliot's The Wasteland, James Joyce's Ulysses, and Virginia Woolf's Jacob's Room. Woolf's novel, only her third, is not generally afforded the iconic worship and critical praise so often attached to those works of her most famous male contemporaries. Jacob's Room is seldom suggested as one of Woolf's best fiction; the novel has not generated the same encomia as her recognized masterpieces Mrs. Dalloway, Between the Acts, and The Waves. But Jacob's Room is indeed a revolutionary work in its original technical mastery, its mournful historicity, and its evocative tone. The novel is Woolf's manifesto in fiction of her unique enterprise to create character beyond the one-to-one mimetic method of conventional Victorian and Edwardian realism. Uniquely self-conscious and conscious of self, Woolf was attracted to exploring new modes of characterization, fictional consciousness, and epistemology. She is especiall y interested in exploring the nature, communication, and limits of fictional knowledge. Woolf's idiosyncratic mode of characterization in Jacob's Room is the epistemological complement in fiction to Eliot's formula for emotional expression in poetry, the objective correlative. While Eliot's description of the ideal artistic technique tries to be concise and formulaic, a direct mimetic correspondence, Woolf's technique is symbolic and metaphoric, collective, indefinite, and infinitely more ... ...Merry. "Virginia Woolf's Between the Acts: Fascism in the Heart of England." Virginia Woolf Miscellanies: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference on Virginia Woolf. Ed. by Mark Hussey and Vara Neverow-Turk. Lanham, MD: Pace University Press, 1992. pp. 188-191. Ruddick, Sara. "Private Brother, Public World." New Feminist Essays on Virginia Woolf. Ed. by Jane Marcus. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1981. pp. 185-215. Schug, Charles. The Romantic Genesis of the Modern Novel. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1979. Woolf, Virginia. The Essays of Virginia Woolf. Volume III. 1919-1924. Ed. by Andrew McNeillie. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988. -----. Jacob's Room. New York: The Penguin Group, 1998. -----. The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Volume II. 1912-1922. Ed. by Nigel Nicholson. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976.

Strategic Plan Part Ii Bus 475

Strategic Plan Part II BUS 475 Christina’s Unique Clothing Store will cater to clientele looking for a shopping experience that cannot be gotten anywhere else. In order for the small business to accomplish this, the owner of Christina’s Unique Clothing Store will need to complete a Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats, and Trends analysis (SWOTT). The SWOTT will allow the owner to view the business from an objective point of view and analysis any problem areas before it becomes an actual problem. Christina’s Unique Clothing Store will conduct an internal and external analysis using the SWOTT table giving explanations or an analysis on seven factors in the table and naming one factor to be considered the major factor for each category. The SWOTT identified location and creativity in fashion as the strength and opportunity for Christina’s Unique Clothing. The SWOTT identified locating a wholesaler for the merchandise as a weakness, and the legal and regulatory issues as a threat while identifying environmental conscience as a trend for the company to focus for the future. A major strength the company will have is location of the store. Location is an important factor in a business succeeding; therefore, finding the right location for Christina’s Unique Clothing Store is the company’s strength. The store’s location will be in area that the intended targeted clientele will frequent to shop, therefore presenting the business the opportunity to offer personalized tailored care in the clothing industry. As the store opens, offering creative and unique accessory items will allow Christina’s Unique Clothing to stand apart from the other boutiques in the area. Sorella Boutique is a high-end quality retail store that sells designer clothing such as â€Å"Seven For All Mankind, Vince, and Nicole Miller†, however, the boutique’s service stops there. Sorella Boutique does not offer its customers a personalized or tailored shopping experience (Sorella Boutique, 2011, p. 1). Locating the correct wholesaler for the merchandise to be displayed and sold in Christina’s Unique Clothing Store will be a challenge. The internet is littered with wholesale dealers posing a deal for all to have however; for a new business buying merchandise cheap is great on the budget but buying cheap merchandise will spell failure in the end. Legal and regulatory issues will need to be researched and followed through before the business can open its doors to the public. Skipping or ignoring the legalities can only bring disaster to the business quickly. For a retail clothing store the legal issues are few ensuring the local city or county license requirements are met before opening the business. Insuring the business for at fault accidents should be considered also, thus protecting the business from liability during an accident. Although to open a small business, it is not required to have any documentation other than a business license from the city in which the business will be operated within, it is recommended that the owner have knowledge of how to run a business. As a long-term goal and for future success, the company will want to move towards becoming environmental conscience with a designer that is reusing materials for the designers clothing line or accessories. Becoming environmental conscience is how Christina’s Unique Clothing Store will out-last the other boutiques in the area. Although, 51% new small business will survive the first five years, focusing early on what the company’s long-term goals can help the company stay focused on the future (Schaefer, 2011). Christina’s Unique Clothing clientele is targeted towards the higher income class, economic times are still rough and can be a threat for a new business, and must be weighed. As the economic status changes, the company can adapt as well. The fashion industry changes the design line each year; the company can adapt its inventory to include the latest fashion designs to attract its clientele. To produce an inventory that can be sold at reasonable prices the suppliers will need to be trustworthy. The clothing being offered will be obtained from designers, wholesalers, or online stores that carry the designer clothing at reasonable prices allowing the clothing to be re-merchandised for a profit. The accessories can be bought from wholesalers or online designers also, saving costs on travel and gas, although the supply chains will need to be organized and categorized by minimum purchase requirement, cost, and popularity. Wholesalers and discount online stores advertise designer clothing and accessories at a fraction of the cost when the consumer buys in bulk, the drawback is the merchandise can contain flaws that represents â€Å"seconds† or less quality merchandise. For example, discount stores such as Ross, Kohl’s, and Goody’s advertise designer merchandise for a fraction of the cost in other department stores such as Macys. The difference in the clothing between the discount stores and department stores are those in the discount stores have flaws such as the size of the pants is not a true size for the designer, or the blouse is unevenly hemmed. Finding a wholesaler that sales designer clothing that is of true quality is imperative for the success of Christina’s Unique Clothing Store, buying merchandise that is less quality than the original design will cause the business to fail. As the company begins to grow, looking towards the future should be towards the environmentally safe or conscience production of clothing and accessories. As an opportunity to investigate in the environmental side of retail clothing sales, finding a designer that designs clothing and accessories from other clothing or materials can lead the business into a different direction both environmentally and growth. There will always be that one or two patrons that are looking to save the environment and if the company can look to incorporate environmentally friendly designer clothing and accessories into the business, the business will be leading the future in clothing retail sales. For example, designer blue jeans become a designer purse; a designer silk shirt becomes a new designer pajama top. Reusing material is not a new idea however, creating new items from high-end designer clothing to create environmentally friendlier clothing or recycled designer clothing from the designer is, and if it is made exclusively for Christina’s Unique Clothing Store the company’s future is secured. In conclusion, Christina’s Unique Clothing Store conducted an internal and external analysis using the SWOTT table (Fig 1. ), giving explanations on seven factors and named one factor to be considered as the major focus for each category. The SWOTT identified location and creativity in fashion as the strength and opportunity for Christina’s Unique Clothing Store and identified locating a wholesaler for the merchandise as a weakness, and legal and regulatory issues as a threat while identifying environmental conscience as a trend for the company to focus f or the future. As the strengths and weakness are examined it is evident for Christina’s Unique Clothing to succeed finding a wholesale dealer that delivers designer clothing that are true high-end quality is vital to the company’s success. The future success for the company is reliant on a designer convinced in saving the environment and the designer reusing materials from the designer’s line to create new items exclusively for Christina’s Unique Clothing Store. SWOT Analysis Situation being analysed: Christina’s Unique Clothing Store * * S1-Strategy * * * * * * * * S2-Structures * * * S3-Processes-and systems * * * * S4-Resources * * * S5-Goals * * * * * S6-Technologies * * * * S7-Innovations * * * * S8-Leadership| StrengthsS1 Locating the right place for business is paramount; understanding the costs in obtaining the perfect location will need to be strategically worked in order to maximize customer exposure. S2 Location of building is important to ensure optimum exposureS3 Understanding how a business is ran and the process of a business financial statement is vital to running one’s own business. S4 Internet and high quality stores for resale of clothingS5 Setting of goals to meet each quarter, the goals must be attainable and reviewed each quarter and new goals set. S6 Website, creating and updating important to successful follow-up and repeat businessS7 Long term goals for innovations such as new designer clothing locally madeS8 Leadership is important and can be a strength when applied correctly, management will need training| WeaknessesW1 Cost of building or rent may be too high in the beginning; strategies will need to be in place to overcome this weakness to be successful. Location is necessary. W2 Resources for unique and high quality clothing and accessories at affordable prices that can be re-merchandised may become a problem if not handled correctly. W3 Goals not planned or met become weaknesses. W4 Poor planning, and managing, leads to failure. Strategies must be planned and followed through. W5 Creating a business on a culture that is not represented in the area will cause the company to fail. W6 Not recognizing an idea that can be legally protected can lead the business potentially to lose money-causing failure. W7 Leadership is important and without proper training and supervision can become a weakness. * * W1-Structures * * * * * * * W2-Resources * * * * * * * W3-Goals * * * W4-Strategic Capabilities * * * * W5-Culture * * * * * W6-Intellectual property * * * * W7-Leadership| * * O1-Global * * * * * * O2-Technological * * * * * * * O3-Innovation * * * * * O4-Social * | OpportunitiesO1-Internet sales will reach globally, giving the company an early opportunity to establish clientele outside of the United States. O2-Technology is important for the company to stay abreast of the latest fashions and accessories and where to find those â€Å"unique† items for the company’s storefront. O3- Being creative with fashion is what the clientele is looking for and what Christina’s Unique Clothing Store is offering. O4-Interacting with clients and employees while creating relationships and bonds with the clients that will create repeat business. | ThreatsT1-Legal and regulatory rules must be known and followed before the business can be opened and started. T2-Although the clientele is targeted towards the higher income class, economic times are still rough, can be a threat for a new business, and must be weighed. T3-Local stores analysis is needed to ensure the business success, targeting a specific income bracket limits the clientele however, the competitive stores in the area may offer something similar. T4-Most high-end clothing is not made of recycled clothing, environmental issues are becoming an important part of commerce, this can be an area that may need more research, and development as the store grows. * * T1-Legal and regulatory * * * * T2-Economic * * * * * * * T3-Competitive analysis * * * * * * * T4-Environmental| * Figure 1. 1 SWOT Analysis (Thompson, 2006) References Schaefer, P. (2011). The Seven Pitfalls of Business Failure. Retrieved from http://www. businessknowhow. com/StartUp/business-failure. htm Sorella Boutique. (2011). Retrieved from http://collegetownmacon. com/? p=1681 Thompson, A. A. , Gamble, J. E. , & Str ickland, A. J. (2006). Strategy: Winning in the marketplace: Core concepts, analytical tools, cases (2nd ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Swot on Japan

Japan SWOT Analysis Strengths: Economy- Economy has a long term positive impact on Japan, which will add to its value. The qualitative factor of economy will lead to a decrease in costs for Japan Japanese Biotechology- Hard working People- Sophisticated consumers with high purchasing power- They help Japan set trends and utilize latest technology. These customers tend to appreciate fashionable, name brand items that allow luxury goods makers to use their profits and knowledge of the Japanese consumer market to expand globally.Technology companies sell high tech and high priced goods to Japanese customers, which allows the entire country to utilize the latest technology. technology has a major correlation with productivity, so the more technology a country utilizes, the higher their productivity. Allied with the USA- Japan and the United States of America has a long relationship of cooperation that dates back to the Second World Ware. This cooperation protects Japan from military thre ats in the region. Japan is able to invest money meant for the military into other productive means that help support the economy.Universal Health Care System- The health care system in Japan provides healthcare services, including screening examinations, prenatal care and infectious disease control. The patients are responsible for 30% of these costs while the government pays the remaining 70%. Payment for personal medical services is offered through a universal healthcare insurance system that provides relative equality of access, with a fee set by a government committee. People without insurance through employers can participate in a national health insurance program administered by local governments. atients are free to select physicians or facilities of their choice and cannot be denied coverage. Hospitals, by law, must be run as non-profit and be managed by physicians. For-profit corporations are not allowed to won or operate hospitals. Clinics must be owned and operated by ph ysicians. World Class Education System- Japan's education system played a major role in enabling the country to meet the challenges presented by the need to quickly understand Western ideas, science, and technology.Japan has one of the highest standards of education and one of the highest literacy rates in the world. About 93% of children enter high school and nearly all of them graduate. Japan's Automobile Industry- It is said that Japan's automobile industry is ultimately their greatest strength. it plays a major role in the overall economy of Japan, and whether the current trend is up or down it has a direct correlation to the economy as a whole. Auto-related businesses provide one out of every ten jobs in Japan. A major part of Japan's work force is dependent on the automobile industry. Weakness:Declining Birth Rate- â€Å"The effects of a declining population can be adverse for an economy which has borrowed extensively for repayment by younger generations; however, a smaller h uman population has a smaller impact on the environment and on biodiversity. Economically declining populations are thought to lead to deflation, which has a number of effects. A declining population due to demographics will also be accompanied by population ageing which can contribute problems for a society. The decade long economic malaise of Japan and Germany is often linked to these demographic problems.The worst case scenario is a situation where the population falls too low a level to support a current social welfare economic system, which is more likely to occur with a rapid decline than with a more gradual one. The economies of Japan and went into recovery around the time their population just began to decline. In other words, both the total and per capita GDP in both countries grew more rapidly after 2005 than before. A declining population can also create a labor shortage, which can have a number of positive as well as negative effects.While some labor-intensive sectors of the economy may be hurt if the shortage is severe enough, others may adequately compensate by increased outsourcing and/or automation. Initially, the labor participation rates (which are low in many countries) can also be increased to temporarily reduce or delay the shortage. On the positive side, such a shortage increases the demand for labor, which can potentially result in a reduced unemployment rate as well as higher wages. As the birthrate in developed countries drops well below the â€Å"replacement rate† of 2. 1 children born to every woman, to somewhere between 1. and 1. 4 children — the declining population will have severe consequences in the near and distant future. Demographic decline causes anxiety because it is thought to go hand-in-hand with economic decline. With fewer, younger workers to pay the health and pension bills of an elderly population, states face an unprecedented fiscal burden. The dependency ratio of those aged 65 and over to those of work ing age looks set to double from one-to-four to one-to-two in 2050. † Natural Disasters- Female Managers in Japan- Only 8% of managers are female in Japan, whereas, they are 40% in America and 20% in China.This difference in female participation means Japan is only getting their ideas from men. The loss of creative ideas is a debilitation consequence of low female participation. Lost Cost of Capital in Japan-Japan's reliance on low cost of capital is hurting their economy. Japan's government institutions hand out money to try and revitalize ailing companies. These low interest payments result in a low cost of capital for struggling firms, but the negative is bad companies continue to operate like zombies. They aren't expanding or innovating, they are mostly struggling to stay alive.This system move money from the best ideas (new and fast moving companies) to ones that have been around the longest and are struggling. Reliance on Exports-Japan's reliance on exports could cause m any economic problems, because export earnings are very volatile. They are also subject to enormous international competition, which means they could easily lose to competition from China or any low expense locations around the world. Exports also depend on currency valuations, which happen to change very quickly and for unknown reasons.Opposition to Immigration-Japan passed the Immigration Control Act in 1990, but they still only issue visas to skilled workers. Ultimately, Japan passed the Immigration Control Act in 1990 which opened a side-door to ethnic Japanese living in other countries, allowing them to immigrate to Japan for the unspecified purpose of performing unskilled labor. Japan still does not issue visas to anyone but skilled workers. â€Å"Today's attitudes in Japan often remain decidedly negative towards immigrants, legal or otherwise, and new tighter controls are currently being drafted†, according to the Japan Times.Negative treatment of foreigners turns away potential benefit that countries obtain from immigration. New skills, cultures and ideas are plentiful in immigrant populations. Opposition to immigration decreases the chance that new ideas and skills increase the domestic production of a country. Long life expectancy-Japan is known to have the longest life expectancy anywhere in the world. Impressive statistics have been recorded across Japan, where life expectancy has increased dramatically in the past 80 years. In 1935, life expectancy was about 45. By 1950, it was 60.Today it is 85 for women and 78 for men. Japanese women live, on average, more than five years longer than those in the United States. Japanese men have more than four years on those in America. The number of centenarians in Japan has doubled in the past five years, and now stands at just over 20,000. Longer life expectancy and reduced fertility rates have contributed to population aging, with the latter cause dominating. Lower fertility initially reduces the depe ndency of the young on working-age adults, increasing the latter’s consumption possibilities.Over time, however, dependency of elders on working-age adults increases, as there are fewer adults entering the workforce. Combined with longer life expectancy, total dependency on adults will rise. This will reduce workers’ incentive to save, since the existence of fewer workers reduces return on investments. It will also strain public finances, as the need to fund social security will lead to higher payroll taxes. Simply put, an aging population implies that in the future there will be more retirees being supported by fewer workers.High Suicide Rate-Japan's grim reputation as one of the world's suicide nations has been confirmed by statistics that show more than 30,000 people a year have taken their own lives since figures first began to rise in 1998. The most common hour of death is 5am for men and noon for women, after their families have left for work or school. Japan has roughly half the population of the US, yet the same number of suicides. There's no single factor, but experts point to a combination of economic woes, poor mental-health resources, lack of religious prohibition, and cultural acceptance of the practice.Japan's high-interest loan system and historically strict bankruptcy laws may have contributed to this effect. But the Japanese suicide rate remains elevated, even though the economy has since recovered. Even before the recession, the rate was already a third higher than that of the United States. Bank Cross Holdings-Banks in many countries purchase share of countries in their home territory to speculate on share prices or to establish a stronger relationship with a client. These relationships are beneficial to the bank when share prices rise, but can hurt a bank when shares prices fall.Banks profit by lending money and an economy relies on bank lending to function. A decrease in bank lending is a restriction on the money flowing thro ugh the economy, therefore, the economy decreases, because there is less money. If the economy decreases, then generally, stock prices also decrease. When banks hold shares in other companies when those shares become less valuable, then banks have less money to lend, which further restricts the economy and causes share prices to decrease further. When banks hold shares in other ompanies during an economic recession, it causes the banks to restrict lending (because of shares decreases) just when the economy needs lending the most. Fiscal Budget Deficit-A budget deficit decreases the ability of a government to increase spending to stimulate the economy. Annual budget deficits increase the national debt, which increases the cost of borrowing. To pay off a deficit, the government will have to decreases spending are raise taxes; both hurt the economy Opportunities: Private Equity in Japan-The Private Equity industry has enormous potential in Japan.According to the Economist, â€Å"The c ountry teems with medium-sized firms with world-class technology that need to consolidate and globalize in order to grow. Japanese firms' return on equity is around half that of American and European firms. A generation of bosses who founded their firms after the war are ready to retire but lack successors. Fund managers estimate there are 500-1000 such companies, which is why they stick around. † Many fundamental issues exist in Japan that hurt the Private Equity industries potential to profit, but those issues will slowly fade away.Growth of the Private Equity industry in Japan will likely accelerate Pro-Reform Political Parties in Japan-Over two decades of economic stagnation is forcing political party changes. Parties that were in power for half a century are now out, while new parties are forming around the idea of increased growth, political reform and the end of deflation. A political shakeup in Japan could force many new reforms that fix the country's most glaring prob lems while positioning it for a more robust future.Freelance Cloud Workers-Freelance cloud workers go online to pitch their skills to millions of potential employers through interfaces that match potential employers with talented freelance workers about the world. Some people call these digital sweat shops, because they match workers all over the work with potential employers who pay only for the services they want at the lowest possible prices. From a pure economic standpoint, these outsource shops are lowering the cost of services, by outsourcing those services around the world.These lower cost help skilled employees to match up with employers who obtain better skills are lower prices. The benefits of international trade will now show up in services that are priced according to skill level. The flexibility and these sites and the ability to transcend borders makes freelance cloud working a powerful new engine of global growth. Instant Translation of Web Pages-The ability to transl ate web pages quickly and accurately may lead to a break down in the language barriers that separate commerce and social interaction between countries.Rapidly evolving technology is leading the way for computers that â€Å"learn† by analyzing documents that have been translated by humans. The possibility of instantly translating a web page, document or blogs may also become reality. Regular Japanese Workers- The Japanese call these â€Å"Regular Workers†, because they enjoy less benefits than union workers. However, Regular Workers are better for firms because they provide agility that is key in Japan's global fight against competition, especially with China. Emerging markets-Demand from emerging markets is helping growth and margins.Emerging markets create new opportunities to expand products from the developed world. Paper products, computer services and other industries will all benefit as emerging countries increase demand for industrial and agricultural products. Threats: Fiscal Austerity Programs-Many government around the world will have to cut spending and increase taxes to avoid fiscal deficits that increased during the financial crisis. These programs will decrease government spending in the economy, which will slow growth rates.Additionally, citizens will have less money and benefits to use in case of emergencies. The fear is that cuts might be so drastic that they hurt the economy Young Entrepreneurs Decreasing in Japan-According to Economist Magazine, â€Å"Since 2003, the proportion of young Japanese entering the labor force who want to be entrepreneurs has halved, to 14%, while those who seek lifetime employment has nearly doubled, to 57%. † The loss of entrepreneurs slows down a countries rate of growth, because entrepreneurs create the next generate of companies.Whaling Hurts Japan's Image-Whaling hurts Japan's image aboard because they go against a long-standing moratorium on commercial whaling. They catch whales under th e banner of â€Å"experiments†, but whale end up on dinner plates instead. This standing is causing tension with neighbors who all observe the ban. International tensions may interrupt trade negotiations with other countries that don't like what Japan is doing. It could also cause boycotts of Japanese goods in nations with concerned citizens. The damage to Japan's reputation may hurt it over the long term.Domestic Savings and Fiscal Debt-Japan's government debt is mostly serviced by the large domestic population of savings. These savers invest their money with the government and receive a very low increase rate in return. This rate is derived from the high demand for Japanese debt, but this trend might will change over time. As Japan's population ages, they will run down their savings and in turn, have less money to purchase Japanese debt. This decrease in demand will increase the interest rate paid by Japanese government.As interest rates increase, so will the threat of a fi scal crisis in Japan Zombie Companies-Japan has a long traditional of supporting smaller companies to the detriment of the health of larger companies. The â€Å"Convoy System† allows small market share for small firm, so they don't disappear, while larger firms are given the ability to quickly expand and compete. The interference of capitalism results in less efficiencies across the entire market and results in less profits for larger firms. 5 P's of Marketing Market Positions- Placement- Promotion- Price- Political-