Competitive Business Environment - Social Media

Question: Examine about the Competitive Business Environment, Social Media. Answer: Presentation: In the present serious business condition, internet based life has given immense difficulties to the associations to deal with. Since, it has been distinguished that web based life assumes a key job in creating successful advertising and limited time method. In this manner, prominence of the organizations intensely relies upon the usage procedure of web based life. Since, each association is concentrating on the use of online life. Associations need to actualize an imaginative dynamic procedure with the goal that it can ready to make a positive effect on the business. Besides, supporters of web based apparatuses has altered the manner in which shoppers impart the procedure of informal showcasing. This has made colossal measure of difficulties for the advertisers in using viable dynamic system. Issue articulation: Numerous examinations have featured the way that dynamic methodology can really have genuine effect on the business viewpoint of an association. Be that as it may, there is no extraordinary method to actualize successful dynamic technique. Along these lines, associations need to concentrate on all the components so as to actualize the most ideal dynamic method for the association. Besides, development of web based life is generally another idea. In this way, any effect of online networking must need to consider, as it will impact the state of the advertising procedure. According to the article by Hutter et al. (2013), promoting methodology is an expansive idea that covers purchaser conduct, showcasing blend, esteem creation, relationship advertising and authoritative direction. Along these lines, associations dynamic methodology must need to cover every one of the regions successfully. Else, it will make difficulties in the business system of the associations. Exploration point: The major of point of this examination is to feature the effect that successful dynamic method via web-based networking media can have on the organizations. Examination destinations: The examination destinations are as per the following: 1. To assess the sort of effect that web-based social networking can have on the business points of view on an association 2. To analyze the degree, web based life has impacted dynamic strategy of the associations 3. To propose dynamic techniques that can assist associations with coping up with the difficulties of expanding fame of internet based life Examination questions: The exploration questions are as per the following: What sort of effect web based life can have on the business viewpoints on an association? What degree internet based life can impact dynamic strategy of the associations? What will be the recommended dynamic methodologies that can assist associations with coping up with the difficulties of expanding prominence of internet based life? Writing survey: Effect of the rise of online networking: According to the article by Aral, Dellarocas Godes (2013) web-based social networking speak to a web based gathering where individuals can share their considerations and accepts significantly more successfully. The rise of web based life has radically changed the promoting scene in the previous decade. Prior to the development of internet based life, associations and clients has no immediate connection with one another. Be that as it may, the rise of web based life has totally altered the manner in which associations advance their items and administrations in the market. As indicated by Saaty Vargas (2013) development of web-based social networking not just changed the method by which clients associates with one another yet additionally with the associations. The development of web based life has expanded the significance of verbal correspondence procedure. Since, each client can really impart their insight in regards to a specific item and administrations before entire world. In thi s way, it can really influence the purchasing choice of clients (Venkataraman Das, 2013). Besides, internet based life instruments and stages permit clients to suggest, share substance and furthermore positive and negative encounters in a considerably more successful manner. Gensler et al. (2013) featured that development of online networking builds the significance of virtual networks. Actually, it has become an indispensable piece of everyones present life. The monstrous effect of internet based life incited individuals to visit there online networking account commonly in a day. Moreover, as referenced by Halpern Gibbs (2013) clients are bound to be taking an interest than viewing. Presently, development of online life has given a stage to the individuals where they can change themselves from being clients as watchers to clients as members. This move in conduct featured the expanding significance of online life. Consequently, it has absolutely impacted associations to reevaluate their dynamic system so as to give clients an opportunity to take an interest in the showcasing method. According to the article by Wang, Yu Wei (2012) the connection between client dynamic and internet based life mirrors that the development of online life has its effect on brand perspectives, publicizing mentalities and buying expectation of the clients. In this manner, web based life can positively influences the purchasing conduct of the clients. Advancement of appropriate brand demeanor in online life can lead clients to choose a specific brand for buys. Besides, web-based social networking is a two-way correspondence process. In this manner, it additionally encourages clients to make recommendations that can really improve the prevalence of a specific item or administrations. As indicated by Bertot, Jaeger Hansen (2012) development of internet based life has opened a totally new stage for the associations to use so as to get upper hand in the market. Actually, numerous examinations have referenced that online life isn't just an instrument for promoting yet in addition is a viable apparatus for an item or brand to associate with its expected clients. Besides, online networking is giving a worldwide stage to the associations to advance a specific or administration. Hence, associations additionally need to remember that their limited time crusade via web-based networking media doesn't concentrate on a specific geological region or network of the world. Rise of internet based life has likewise help associations to comprehend knowledge of the clients in a superior manner (Grajales et al., 2014). Thusly, it permits associations to execute vital changes in the business choice strategy in a substantially more powerful manner. Significance of viable dynamic system: According to the article by Rodriguez, Peterson Krishnan (2012) dynamic techniques vigorously rely upon necessities and viewpoints of the clients. Presently, rise of web based life has changed the promoting strategy totally. Since, customary advertising principally center around the usage of single direction correspondence process. Be that as it may, rise of online networking has initiated associations to execute two way showcasing method so as to stay serious in the market. As per Fotis, Buhalis Rossides (2012) two-way correspondence is critical for the satisfaction of showcasing goals. Along these lines, it additionally influenced the dynamic technique of the associations. For example, associations like Microsoft and Coca-Cola have deliberately assessing their choices through the inputs of the clients. According to the article by Tsimonis Dimitriadis (2014), effect of online life on the procedure of the executives dynamic can be exceptionally broad. Since, internet based life can p ossibly adjust assessments of the individuals and impact the decisions. Hence, it makes direct effect on the administrators dynamic strategy. Besides, increment use of two-way correspondence process in the showcasing methods has constrained associations to settled on part of alters in their perspective creation technique (Croteau Hoynes, 2013). Media and social wonder seem pertinent for the effect of the extended usage of online web based life on authoritative dynamic method. Schroeder Pennington-Gray (2015) referenced various speculations, for example, swarm conduct hypothesis, media extravagance hypothesis, peer pressure hypothesis, similarity hypothesis, correspondences immersion hypothesis and intermingling hypothesis. Since, these speculations have referenced that it is fundamental for the association to alter its perspective creation strategy with the goal that it can ready to confront the difficulties of the market effectively. According to the media extravagance hypothesis, associations choices need to incorporate message lucidity, social observations and capacity to assess other outside elements on the nature of dynamic methodology (Harrigan et al., 2015). This hypothesis underscores on the social observations and saw capacity to break down the necessities of the market. Then again, correspondence immersion hypothesis centers around the usage of new and advance strategies for the correspondence so it can ready to adapt up to the adjustment in the view of the clients. Besides, rise of internet based life has made more extensive degree for the verbal correspondence. Studies have likewise recognized that online networking can likewise make new types of companion pressure that are immense when contrasted with up close and personal circumstances. Be that as it may, rise of web-based social networking has additionally impact associations to consider the contributions of the companions so as to actualize compell ing dynamic strategy (Hays, Page Buhalis, 2013). Besides, development of web-based social networking has instigated associations to use one of a kind promoting strategies. For example, appealing online journals and grasping tweets have become a vital piece of dynamic technique of the associations. Especially for the more youthful age, uses of online journals and tweets have made colossal measure of effect on the notoriety of a specific item or administration. Writing hole: From the above conversation it tends to be evaluate that rise of web-based social networking has constrained associations to rolled out extensive improvements. Be that as it may, no unmistakable

Smoking Cessation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Smoking Cessation - Research Paper Example Some different things that the creator did was mentioning objective facts in the field, which included giving close consideration to the discussion between the patients and the medical caretakers, mentioning observable fact of the signs that were put inside the dividers of the wards that were in connection with the tobacco limitations just as taking of notes of assets that tended to discontinuance. A portion of the archives that were gathered during this examination included; tolerant consideration structures, confirmation structures, referral structures, and patient’s referral materials. Zones like assigned smoking zones were additionally watched and further shot. Sooner or later, unstructured surveys were introduced to the attendants, which went on for between 10 to 30 minutes. The ethnographic investigation utilized a procedure known as non-straight inductive. This included arranging, coding, estimating just as reflection upon explanatory procedure. The informational collection in this examination included reports, hand recorded discussion, field notes just as the photos that were caught assigned smoking zones. From the start, a few informational collections were inspected. From that point forward, the information was coded with the assistance of key ideas that encouraged recovery also s examination between two destinations. Other more audits were directed, which was then used to conceptualize the entire idea. The utilization of discussion in perception presents some inclination. This is on the grounds that the people associated with the procedure may expect various jobs when they understand that they are being examined. This is one of the difficulties that the ethnographer confronted while gathering information. Taking of photographs introduced a decent open door for the ethnographer to discover the data they required in their characteristic setting. Utilization of unstructured survey was a decent ascribe to guarantee that the subjective investigation was decisively done. The ethnographer noticed that while the medical caretakers were discussing tobacco in clinic condition, battle was made to make

What Happens When You Take Full Responsibility of Your Life

What Happens When You Take Full Responsibility of Your Life I’m a huge fan of Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson and find his life story to be very inspiring. Among the many things I have learn from this famed actor is the importance of taking responsibility for your life.At the age of 22, young Johnson was cut off from the Calgary Stampeders about two months into the Canadian football season, effectively ending his football career.For someone who had envisioned a career as a professional football player, this was a huge blow.For the next few weeks, he became so desolate, spending his entire time sulking in his room and tottering on the brink of depression.After weeks of living life like a loser, something clicked in his mind that unless he did something, his life would only get worse, not better.He came to terms with the fact that his football career was over and that no one was coming to help him get his life back on track. He realized that if he wanted to live a great life, he would have to do it himself.With this realization, Dwayne Johnson decided that he would have to find another route to the life of stardom he had always envisioned.It was at this time that he made a decision that has become his one of his most popular quotes â€" with just $7 between him and poverty, he knew that he was broke as hell at the time, but he knew one day he wouldn’t be.With his new found determination, he shifted his attention and energies to wrestling.Today, he has achieved far greater success and stardom than he would have ever achieved on the gridiron.This story is one of my best examples of what it means to take responsibility for your life.I have realized that many people go through this life without a purpose.Like a leaf floating down a stream, they let the currents of life take them wherever they want.It’s not that such people don’t have any dreams and ambitions in their lives. The problem is that they don’t take any firm action to go after these dreams.Instead of doing whatever it takes to achieve their dreams, they prefe r placing blame on their circumstance, other people, or their destiny for not achieving what they want.They find it easier to blame external factors rather than doing something to change their situation.If you want to live a great life and fulfill your wildest desires, you need to stop living a reactionary life and instead take life by the horns and face be ready to face whatever it throws at you.In other words, you have to take responsibility of your life. Oprah Winfrey gives a pretty good explanation of the importance of taking responsibility for your life in the video below. WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO TAKE RESPONSIBILITY OF YOUR LIFE?Taking responsibility of your life is understanding that you are fully in charge of your own destiny through your own decisions.Taking responsibility for your life means that you acknowledge that no one has the power to determine how your life turns out â€" not your friends, not your parents, not even your spouse.All the power belongs to you.Once you under stand this, you stop relying on others to help you live the kind of life you want or blaming them for things that don’t work out as you hoped.Taking responsibility of your life also means living a life with purpose and intention. It means having a clear idea what you want out of life, having a plan on how to achieve it, and consciously making decisions that take you closer to achieving your desires.It means intentionally doing the right thing, even if it might be difficult or painful at the time.Taking responsibility for your life takes you from the passenger seat to the driver’s seat of your life.Rather than simply following life wherever it takes you, you take the reins and start determining the direction of your life.WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU TAKE RESPONSIBILITY OF YOUR LIFE?Once you start living your life with purpose and intention, you might notice some changes in your life. These include:You Start Achieving Your GoalsThis is one of the greatest benefits of taking responsibilit y of your life.You stop drifting through life aimlessly, and instead start focusing on decisions and actions that will take you closer to your personal goals while avoiding anything that might derail you from these goals.Here’s the thing about success â€" it is never accidental. If you want to become a star athlete, you have to sacrifice your morning sleep so that you can train more.If you want to build a successful business, you have to sacrifice the weekly night out with your group of friends so that you can work on your business.This is what it means to live a life with purpose and intention, and the result is that you will start achieving more goals than you did before.You Get Rid of UncertaintyWhen you live a life without purpose or intentionality, you will often find yourself plagued by a nagging sense of uncertainty.You have no plan for your life, you sometimes don’t even know why you are doing some of the things you are doing, and you definitely cannot tell what your lif e will look like a year or five years down the line.Of course, this does not mean that people with concrete plans for their life are guaranteed that life will turn out as they envision. Like people in the military say, no battle plan survives contact with the enemy.Still, someone with a plan guiding their lives is likely to be less uncertain about their life than someone drifting aimlessly.They know the importance of everything they do in life and how it ties to their life long plan.Even when life takes an unexpected turn, someone with a purpose for their life is more adaptable, because they know where they are going.You Become More CourageousTaking responsibility of your life also helps make you more courageous as you go after your dreams.This doesn’t mean that someone who has taken responsibility for his or her life doesn’t experience fear.On the contrary, chasing after your dreams and ambitions will involve some challenges and the risk of failure and embarrassment.Making some decisions will be difficult because you cannot be sure how they will turn out.Still, someone who is driven by a specific purpose will make the decision or take action anyway, despite their fear.Once you learn to forge ahead despite your fear, this is how you develop courage.On the other hand, when someone without a purpose encounters an uncomfortable decisions, they are more likely to get paralyzed by fear, because there is nothing pushing them to take action in the face of fear.You Start Making Better DecisionsThis is closely related to the previous point.Understanding that you are responsible for your own life will help enhance your decision making process.In many life situations, decisions that better for our long term good and success are usually the tougher option.For example, let’s assume you just received your paycheck, and a group of friends invites you on a trip they have been planning. You have also been thinking of starting your own online business.In this situation, y ou have two options. You could use the money to go on the trip, which means you will have to wait much longer before you can start your business.On the other hand, you could put the money into your business fund and reach your capital requirements much faster, but then you will miss out on a ton of fun, and your friends will probably think you are a boring person, and therefore never invite you to trips any more.In this situation, someone who is simply drifting in life will probably go for the instant gratification of going on the trip.However, someone who knows what they want in life may realize that saving towards starting their own business is more important, and so they will forego the trip, even if they will feel that they are missing out on lots of fun.The same applies in other similar situations. Someone living a purposeful life will make decision that are better for them in the long term, even if the other option might seem better in the short term.You Will Enjoy Improved Re lationships with OthersWe are human beings, and unlike robots which are programmed to function efficiently without making the slightest mistake, we are prone to making mistakes in our daily activities and interactions with other people, and that is totally normal.However, our reactions to these mistakes has a huge influence on the quality of our relationships with others.When they wrong others, most people either feign ignorance or try to lay the blame on something or someone else.For instance, someone caught cheating might claim that the spouse was not available or romantic enough, effectively laying the blame for their infidelity on the partner who has been wronged in the first place.Taking responsibility of your life means that you should acknowledge that your actions have their consequences.If your actions wrong or otherwise hurt another person, you should take responsibility for your actions, acknowledge that they were hurtful to the other person, and apologize for your mistake s, rather than coming up with something to excuse your behavior.This shows that you are a person of integrity and earns you the trust and respect of the other person, which in turn leads to better relationships.You Will Get RicherEver wondered why some people are able to build wealth from humble beginnings, while others remain stuck in the same place despite having better incomes?The answer lies in their financial discipline. Building wealth needs a lot of financial discipline.To build wealth from your current income, you might need to spend money on a strict budget, wait longer before buying yourself that suit you have always wanted, survive without some services such as a Netflix subscription, treat yourself to night outs less often, and so on.All the above are tough decisions.Someone without a plan for their life will choose to indulge themselves in small luxuries here and there without realizing that they are making their financial goals harder to achieve.Someone who has taken f ull responsibility for their life, on the other hand, will take a hard look at their finances and make tough decisions that allow them to save more money, even if it means living without some luxuries for the time being.You Will Become HealthierThe benefits of taking responsibility for your life are not restricted to material success â€" they also extend to your health. Just like getting your finances right, living a healthy life involves a lot of hard choices and requires a lot of self-discipline.It is difficult choosing to go to the gym instead of lying on the couch catching up on the latest episode of a thrilling TV series. It is tough choosing to eat veggies and fruits when you could treat yourself to a wide variety of delicious meals.However, when you take full responsibility for your life, you understand that each of these decisions has an impact on your health, and therefore you are more likely to make the healthier decision, even if it is tough making this decision.Your Will Live a Better LifeWhen you live your life without purpose or plan, like a kite caught in the midst of a gale, life becomes miserable.You leave control over your life to the hand of fate, and since fate doesn’t know your dreams and ambitions, you will never live the kind of life you want, resulting in failure and frustrations.On the other hand, when you take responsibility for your life, you live life on your own terms.You create the kind of life you have always wanted, which results in happier life and a sense of fulfilment.At the end of your life, you will have less regrets because you will be sure that you deliberately lived your life to the fullest.HOW TO TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY OF YOUR LIFEAfter going through the above section, it is clear that taking responsibility of your life will bring several positive results into your life.Question is, how do actually you do it?Below are some tips on how to take full responsibility for your life.Quit the Blame GameOne of the hallmarks of someone who has not taken full responsibility of their life is the propensity to blame others for everything wrong in their life.Such a person believes that the fact that there are not where they would like to be in life is not their fault, but the fault of something or someone else, such as the economy, their parents, their spouses, their bosses, and so on.The problem with always trying to find someone or something to blame is that it robs you of the power to take action.If you believe that you are poor because of how the economy is set up, then there is no motivation to work harder because whatever you do, you cannot change the economy and cannot therefore change your situation.If you believe that your current situations is a result of your decisions and actions, then this means that it is also possible to change your situation by changing your decisions and actions.Therefore, the first step to taking control over your life is to quit the blame game and acknowledge that everyth ing boils down to you.Whatever kind of life you want to live, not one will give it to you or take it away from you.Only you alone are responsible for your life.Stop ComplainingJust like finding someone to blame, complaining about your situation or circumstances puts you in the position of a victim who has no control over their life.The reality is that the world is not an ideal place, and therefore, things will not always go your way.If things don’t go as expected, or if something happens to put you in a position of disadvantage, instead of complaining about the situation, focus on what you can learn from the situation and think of what you can do to get in order to get yourself from the situation.Use the Power of IntentionOne of the benefits of being a free-willed human being is that you have the power to choose.f anything, life is a series of choices. Every single day, you make several choices before you even get to the office.Should you wake up immediately after the alarm or sno oze it? Black tie or red one? Sweater or blazer? Coffee or tea? Your car or the subway?You are constantly making choices. Even when you opt to not make a choice, you are effectively making a choice.Since life is a series of choices, taking responsibility of your life requires you to be intentional with the choices you make.Rather than making choices randomly or based on what feels good at the moment, you want to make choices based on your life goals.Each choice you make either takes you closer or farther away from the goals you have for your health, your finances, your career, your relationships, your business, and so on.Using the power of intention is all about making choices that take you closer to your goals.Do Away with the ExcusesHow many times have you wanted to do something but then came up with an excuse as to why you couldn’t do it? Either you didn’t have enough time, you had no idea how to do it, you didn’t have enough money, you didn’t think it was the right time, the list is endless.The problem with excuses is that they keep you from taking action. There is a popular saying that if you really want something, you will find a way, and if you don’t, you will find an excuse.In other words, having an excuse is like an admission to yourself that you are not willing to do what it takes to achieve something, or you don’t want it enough.Taking responsibility for your life means getting rid of excuses and doing whatever it takes to achieve your goals. Don’t have enough money? Find someone to fund you.Don’t know how to do something?Learn how to do it.Don’t have the time to work on your dreams? Free up time by getting unnecessary activities from your calendar.Follow Through with What You Say You’ll DoThere is no better demonstration of taking responsibility for your life than following through with what you say you will do.Almost everyone in life has some things they want to do to improve their lives, but the difference between those who ac hieve greatness and those who don’t is action.How many times have you said you will do something but failed to do it?This could have been something good-intentioned, such as going to the gym, saving more money, starting a business, being more careful with your money, eating healthier, you name it.You cannot take responsibility for your life if you don’t do what you say you will do.So, from today, when you say you will do something (either to yourself or when you tell another person), put it in your calendar, do away with any excuses that might keep you from doing it, and actually follow through and make sure that it’s done.Once you learn how to take follow all your plans with action, you will be on your way to taking full responsibility for your actions.WRAPPING UPIf you want to live a great and fulfilling life, you cannot afford to drift aimlessly through life.The key to living the life of your dreams lies in taking full responsibility of your life, which means that you shoul d live your life with purpose and intentionality.Instead of living like a victim who only reacts to life, you should take charge and take your life in the direction you want.Once you do this, several positive things will happen in your life.You will start achieving more of your goals, your health and finances will improve, you will enjoy better relationships with others, you will become more courageous, your decision-making will improve, and your life in general will become better.Give the tips shared above a try and see as your life starts changing for better!

Computer Ethics Term Paper Security Vs. Privacy

James Santana Computer Ethics Term Paper Security vs. Privacy Following the terrorist attacks on September of 2001, President George W. Bush signed into law The USA PATRIOT Act. Intended to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, The Patriot Act made changes to surveillance laws that enabled the U.S government to collect computer information about both American and foreign citizens in unprecedented ways. During the following years, through a series of legislative changes and court decisions, The United States National Security Agency was gradually granted the authority to collect information on a massive scale by implementing programs such as PRISM, which collects internet communications from at least nine major US internet companies such as Google, Facebook Yahoo and Apple ; XKEYSCORE, which gave the NSA the ability to secretly access databases containing emails, online chats and the browsing histories of millions of individuals; MYSTIC, which allows them to collect the metadata as well as the content of phone calls from several entire countries, as well as many other programs with similar mass surveillance capabilities . To put it in simple terms, together this programs essentially enables almost unlimited warrantless surveillance of anyone and everyone anywhere in the world, regardless of that person nationality, affiliation or lack thereof to any criminal or terrorist group. In 2013 Edward Snowden, a former CIA employee and NSA contractor, leakedShow MoreRelatedEthical and Legal Dilemma in It4378 Words   |  18 Pagesâ€Å"the study of moral, legal, and social issues involving cybertechnology† (2010, pg. 3), law is usually/always a part of cyberethics to one degree or another. Being right or wrong based on society’s value builds the fundamentals of ethics. Moral principles make up ethics. Values are maintained based on the law, which in turn encourages us to uphold the laws based on those principles. There are at times when something may be unethical but may still uphold the law and the values are not being takenRead MoreIndividual Privacy vs National Security5833 Words   |  24 PagesIndividual Privacy VS National Security John Williams ENG 122: GSE 1244A Instructor: Ebony Gibson November 1, 2012 Individual Privacy VS National Security Introduction Since the terrorist attack of 9/11, America has been in a high level conflict with terrorist around the world, particularly the group known as Al Qaeda. There has been many discussions within the U.S. Congress about the measures of how to effectively combat this organization and their members, here and abroad. ConsequentlyRead MoreEssay on Hackers vs. Crackers3187 Words   |  13 PagesHackers vs. Crackers Introduction When you hear the word hacker, you probably think of a nerdy, teen-aged boy sitting behind a computer with sinister plans for his attack flowing through the keystrokes of his fingers. You probably think of a techno-criminal defacing websites, shutting down computer systems, stealing money or confidential information-basically a threat to society. But these descriptions may describe someone else enterely. Many in the computer community contend that this criminalRead MoreInternet Banking3249 Words   |  13 PagesInternet Banking (with examples from Developed vs Developing Countries) Presented to: Bert Lind Presented by: Group No.1 †¢ S101417 Shahid Javed †¢ S104503 Mumtaz Ali †¢ S104451 Asif Iqbal †¢ S101291 Mm Mudassar †¢ S101659 Muhammad Shahzad Abstract We have discussed internet banking and security issues. Then we have given comparison of internet banking in developed countries and developing countries on the basis of security and infrastructure issues. Examples of banks are given from Pakistan (HSBC) andRead More The Database Dilemma Essay3843 Words   |  16 PagesThe Database Dilemma Personal privacy today is a controversial and complex topic, which is influenced by a number of factors. There is an integral role that databases play in this highly debated topic. The fact that many people now carry out their transactions electronically is another important factor. There is also pressure on personal privacy for increased national security around the world to combat terrorism. In addition, personal privacy is even threatened by commercial factors and theRead MoreEthics of Information Communication Technology (Ict)27618 Words   |  111 Pages239 ETHICS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) Paper prepared by Tengku Mohd T. Sembok, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for the Regional Meeting on Ethics of Science and Technology 5-7 November 2003, Bangkok UNESCO Regional Unit for Social Human Sciences in Asia and the Pacific (RUSHSAP) 241 ETHICS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) 1. INTRODUCTION Globalization and digital convergence in the emerging knowledge society has raised complex ethical, legal andRead More The Ethics in Securing the Internet Essay4456 Words   |  18 PagesThe Ethics in Securing the Internet Introduction In order to understand the concept of internet security and why it is necessary it would be worthy of analysis to discuss what would happen if not enough of it is provided, meaning that the levels of security are not utilized to the full extents. This is exactly where the big issue of hacking and hackers becomes involved. Hackers can benefit from a wide range of weaknesses in security, break into systems, find the information they need,Read MoreEthical and Social Issues in Information Systems20165 Words   |  81 Pagescontemporary information systems and the Internet on the protection of individual privacy and intellectual property. 4. Assess how information systems have affected everyday life. CHAPTER OUTLINE 4.1 UNDERSTANDING ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES RELATED TO SYSTEMS A Model for Thinking About Ethical, Social, and Political Issues Five Moral Dimensions of the Information Age Key Technology Trends that Raise Ethical Issues ETHICS IN AN INFORMATION SOCIETY Basic Concepts: Responsibility, Accountability, andRead MoreeCommerce Developments and Themes10793 Words   |  44 Pagesconflict over copyrights, content regulation, taxation, privacy, and Internet fraud and abuse. E-commerce E-business E-commerce involves digitally enabled commercial transactions between and among organizations and individuals → Digitally enabled transactions: all transactions mediated by digital technology → Commercial transactions: exchange of value across organizational or individual boundaries in return for products or service. We use the term e-business to refer primarily to the digital enablementRead MoreEssay on Hackers and Security Measures4415 Words   |  18 PagesHackers and Security Measures A diffuse group of people often called â€Å"hackers† has been characterised as unethical, irresponsible, and a serious danger to society for actions related to breaking into computer systems. In this essay I try to construct a picture of what is and includes a computer crime as well as a portray of hackers, their concerns, and the way in which hacking takes place. What I intend to argue is that, in their majority, hackers are learners and explorers who want to help

What Are the Products of Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the name given to the set of chemical reactions performed by plants to convert energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of sugar. Specifically, plants use energy from sunlight to react carbon dioxide and water to produce sugar (glucose) and oxygen. Many reactions occur, but the overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis is: 6 CO2 6 H2O light → C6H12O6 6 O2Carbon Dioxide Water Light yields Glucose Oxygen In a plant, the carbon dioxide enters via leaf stomates by diffusion. Water is absorbed through the roots and is transported to leaves through the xylem. Solar energy is absorbed by chlorophyll in the leaves. The reactions of photosynthesis occur in the chloroplasts of plants. In photosynthetic bacteria, the process takes place where chlorophyll or a related pigment is embedded in the plasma membrane. The oxygen and water produced in photosynthesis exit through the stomata. Key Takeaways In photosynthesis, energy from light is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.For 6 carbon dioxide and 6 water molecules, 1 glucose molecule and 6 oxygen molecules are produced. Actually, plants reserve very little of the glucose for immediate use. Glucose molecules are combined by dehydration synthesis to form cellulose, which is used as a structural material. Dehydration synthesis is also used to convert glucose to starch, which plants use to store energy. Intermediate Products of Photosynthesis The overall chemical equation is a summary of a series of chemical reactions. These reactions occur in two stages. The light reactions require light (as you might imagine), while the dark reactions are controlled by enzymes. They dont require darkness to occur -- they simply dont depend on light. The light reactions absorb light and harness the energy to powder electron transfers. Most photosynthetic organisms capture visible light, although there are some that use infrared light. Products of these reactions are adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). In plant cells, the light-dependent reactions occur in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. The overall reaction for the light-dependent reactions is: 2 H2O 2 NADP   3 ADP 3 Pi   light → 2 NADPH 2 H   3 ATP O2 In the dark stage, ATP and NADPH ultimately reduce carbon dioxide and other molecules. Carbon dioxide from the air is fixed into a biologically usable form, glucose. In plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, the dark reactions are termed the Calvin cycle. Bacteria may use different reactions, including a reverse Krebs cycle. The overall reaction for the light-independent reaction of a plant (Calvin cycle) is: 3 CO2   9 ATP 6 NADPH 6 H  Ã¢â€ â€™ C3H6O3-phosphate 9 ADP 8 Pi   6 NADP   3 H2O During carbon fixation, the three-carbon product of the Calvin cycle is converted into the final carbohydrate product.   VectorMine / Getty Images Factors That Affect the Rate of Photosynthesis Like any chemical reaction, the availability of the reactants determines the amount of products that can be made. Limiting the availability of carbon dioxide or water slows the production of glucose and oxygen. Also, the rate of the reactions is affected by temperature and the availability of minerals that may be needed in the intermediate reactions. The overall health of the plant (or other photosynthetic organism) also plays a role. The rate of metabolic reactions is determined in part by the maturity of the organism and whether its flowering or bearing fruit. What Is Not a Product of Photosynthesis? If youre asked about photosynthesis on a test, you may be asked to identify the products of the reaction. Thats pretty easy, right? Another form of the question is to ask what is not a product of photosynthesis. Unfortunately, this wont be an open-ended question, which you could easily answer with iron or a car or your mom. Usually this is a multiple choice question, listing molecules which are reactants or products of photosynthesis. The answer is any choice except glucose or  oxygen. The question may also be phrased to answer what is not a product of the light reactions or the dark reactions. So, its a good idea to know the overall reactants and products for the photosynthesis general equation, the light reactions, and the dark reactions. Sources Bidlack, J.E.; Stern, K.R.; Jansky, S. (2003). Introductory Plant Biology. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-290941-8.Blankenship, R.E. (2014). Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis (2nd ed.). John Wiley Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8975-0.Reece J.B., et al. (2013). Campbell Biology. Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-0-321-77565-8.

Area 1/2=Absinc Free Essays

Area 1/2=absinC * (Obtuse Acute) Area formula: Where b = base length and h = height. When you have two sides and their included angle, the law of sine can be used in finding the area of the oblique triangle. For the base, we use one of the sides – lets say we have base c For the height draw an perpendicular line from C to the base line c. We will write a custom essay sample on Area 1/2=Absinc or any similar topic only for you Order Now * For the acute case an extended base line can be made to show this altitude, as h will touch the base outside the triangle. In the obtuse triangle do we now have two right triangles and find h by taking the sine: Sin = opp/hyp | Â  | | | Both is now sat equal to h and can be substituted in for the height in the originally triangle formula. Eq. b sinA = h Base: c Area = (base)(height) Area = (base)(b SinA) Area= (c)(b SinA) As it has no influence in which order the base and the opposite value comes, they will be arranged alphabetically. | | | | * Area = bc SinA * When the base = c and the height = (a sin B): When the base = c and the height = (b sin A): If eq. were used as a base, the height would equal (a sin C): + Example + label ABC A= 65 degrees b= 5 a= 7 c = 8 Area= . 5 (b)(h) To find the height take the Sin (opposite/hypp) then we’ll have h/b b= 5 Sin (A) = (h/b) = = bSin(A) = h Sin(65) = (h/5) == 5Sin(65) = h In order not to handle too many numbers we can substitute this into the area equation * * Area = ? (b)(h) * Area = ? (c)(bSinA) – Usually arranged alphabetically (bcSinA) * * The n substitute the values into this new equation * * Area = 1/2 (8)(5Sin(65)) * Area = 16. 53657358980207 * ? 16. 54 cm2 * * * How to cite Area 1/2=Absinc, Essay examples

20,000 Leagues Under the Sea Essay Example For Students

20,000 Leagues Under the Sea Essay Jules Verne was born in France in 1828 and always had a love for the sea. He once tried to be a sea captain on a boat but things did not work out. Jules Verne has written many very famous books such as Journey To the Center of the Earth, Five Weeks in a balloon and Around the World in Eighty Days. I have written a review on one of his most famous books 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. This book combines adventure, suspense and mystery throwing in a few pieces of information about life under the sea. The book begins with some great suspense, it begins with a boat chasing a giant monster that has destroyed some huge unsinkable ships. Every time they get close to this monster a giant stream of water shoots hundreds of feet into the air, causing the boat to back off. Once in a while the monster will disappear from sight for hours. While reading this part of the book the reader feels like he is on the boat chasing the monster also. A lot of times the boat gets close enough to the monster to catch it and thoughts of what you think the monster could be run through your head like crazy. When they finally make an attempt to capture it, it disappears beneath the depths of the ocean. One of the most suspenseful and mysterious parts of the book was when the characters were thrown into a big room inside the submarine that seemed to have no doors. At this point in the book the characters have no idea what was going on, neither does the reader. The only thing that happens during the time in this room is a man comes in and gives them some food, minutes later they all fell asleep. Why where they put to sleep, where is this room that seems to have no doors? This is just one of the hundreds of questions going through your head during these couple chapters of the book. When they wake up all the lights in the room are off and the submarine is shaking. When they finally meet and become comfortable with the captain they get an invitation to go hunting 2 miles under the sea. They put on these huge underwater suits that can withstand the pressure two miles under the sea, then the cabin fills up with water and a door opens. Two miles under the sea, what adventures are down there waiting for them? What amazing sites are two miles under the sea? What dangerous are awaiting people in the depths of the sea?

Traditional Marketing

Women In War essays

Women In War essays For women, wartime was considered the best years of their lives by some people and historians. Not only did women come to the countrys aid in time of need, they also started the concept of women having a job. The idea of women at work during World War II was not utterly new. In the previous years of World War I, women were nursing sisters, volunteers, and there were even some women in the Navy. Before the war to end all wars, work was considered a mans job. Normally, a womans place was in the house tending to her children, and doing housework such as cleaning and cooking. If a lady had a job, the job would usually be as a teacher, librarian, sales clerk, or secretary but it would never require hard labor. (Encarta 98; World Book Encyclopedia; World at War, p.31) As World War II came around however, the situation changed. Men were starting to be drafted as part of the air force, military, and other war related jobs. Men left their working positions to answer their call of duty, therefore leaving many empty jobs. Since there was such a shortage of workers, some immigrants took vacant jobs, but many more workers were still needed. The lack of employees led to advertisements encouraging women get a job. One of the most famous ads showed an imaginary character named Rosie the Riveter. Rosie the Riveter was well kept and had rosy cheeks; a true lady. This advertisement not only made working look attractive, but patriotic as well. When women realized that they could work and still be feminine, they started looking for jobs. Some people had a problem with women working. Industry was hesitant to hire women because they thought the only reason women wanted a job was to earn a little spending money. Industry was also afraid that female employees would marry and leave their job. (Encarta 98 Article: Rosie the Riveter ) Women helped out during the war by holding an assortment of jobs. Some he...

Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global warming - Research Paper Example As a result, there are diverse ways through which these effects manifest on the surfaces of oceans. Some ways through which global warming affects the oceans include; rise of sea level, formation of strong and destructive ocean current, ocean acidification and rise in ocean water temperature. These effects of global warming on oceans have led to destabilization of the ecosystem because it triggers imbalance in very many systems of the environment the course of its continuity (Cheel, 2007). Rise in see level which result from the increase in ocean water result from global warming that melts the glacier in temperate areas, expansion of the ocean water due to increase in temperature rise and human changes to underground storage of water. Change in temperature of the ocean water at different points of the ocean influence formation of ocean currents and, the intensity of any current is determined by the temperature different between the source and destination. Global warming causes some p oints on the surface of the ocean, especially those within the tropics, rise in temperature and, therefore, becomes areas of low pressure leading to the flow of water towards them (Fournier, 2011). Ocean acidification results from the increase in carbon (IV) oxides that mix with water to formal carbonic acids that have a high pH value. This happens when the rise in atmospheric carbon (IV) oxide destabilizes the equilibrium between the carbon (IV) oxide in water, and that one in the air and, therefore, it dissolves in water to cause acidic substances. Rise in temperature in the atmosphere causes an obvious increase in temperature of the ocean water because when a wave of warm air flows over the water, it radiates some heat energy to the water causing it to be warm (Weart, 2008). Research Findings In the development of the research, the research question that guided the study indirectly related to the topic of how global warming affects oceans. The study focused on production and the effects of greenhouse gases which contributed too much of the global warming on earth’s surface. The questions focused on the methods that people can use to reduce the production of green house, the forms of energy that contribute to low pollution of the atmosphere with greenhouse gases and the methods that could reduce the already present greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Out of the analysis of the analysis of the findings, the research identified some ways of controlling greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which included; use of few and efficient machines, use of renewable sources of energy and planting trees to absorb the excess the excess carbon (IV) oxide gas in the atmosphere. Rationale Choice of the research question is involving two aspects of the environment which may not be closely related and therefore, it will look at the environment of each of them, to find out the ways through which regulation of one can affect the other. The result of the analysis of the cause s of global warming will offer different means through which implementation of well selected means to reduce global warming, to cause a reduction in effect on the ocean water. When the research has a good coverage of the background of the issue of global warming, it will be possible to explain the effects it has on oceans, and it will be possible to recommend ways to curb it. Research recommendations I. We can use fewer machines to reduce greenhouse gas

Project #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project #4 - Essay Example It commands the movement of the cursor on the cursor on the screen and also issues commands to the computer. The mouse can either be attached to the computer using a cable or can be connected through a wireless connection technology (Tyler, 2008). It is not hard to use since it contains only two buttons and a scrolling wheel. It is very accurate since the pointer is moved to the exact point to be selected. The movement of the mouse is minimal as compared to the movement that the cursor makes on the screen. It is, therefore, effective and increases the speed of work. It is economical on space since it requires a slight space to control the cursor on the screen. It is an input device that is similar to a mouse and is used to move the cursor on the screen. Its visual aspect is similar to that of a mouse, but it operates in a stagnant position. The cursor is moved by rotating ball using two fingers or the palm (Tyler, 2008). It also has buttons that send instructions to the computer. The trackball is easy to use since moving the cursor is done by simply rotating the ball. However, the balls rotation makes it hard to select fine details, and it may waste a lot of time in such a situation. Its accuracy is as good as that of a mouse. The space required for its operation is equal to the space it occupies even when not in use. The trackball does not require any movement in order to move the cursor and is hence economical in space. The touch pad is a pressure sensitive pointing device that is mainly found in laptops and modern external keyboards. It is a stationary pointing device just like the trackball. In real senses, it does not occupy any space since it is mounted on either a laptop or a keyboard. It is very fast in selecting items on the screen and can be efficiently used even when dealing with fine details. Its ease of use depends on the sensitivity of the touch pad. It is an input device with the shape of a pen

Toyota Motor Corporation the effective management of people

Toyota Motor Corporation the effective management of people Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) Toyota Motor Corporation also known as TMC is a Japanese born company famous for its car making as well as providing financial services and participating in various lines of business including housing, IT and financial activities. Over the years, TMC has become the largest car manufacturing in the world (operating in America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Oceania) after General Motors and is the biggest in Japan producing an estimated eight million vehicles per year. (Toyota Annual Report, 2009) Founded in 1937, its current name, TMC was incorporated in 1981. As of March 31, 2009 TMCs capital totalled to 397.05 billion yen, (Toyota Annual Report, 2009) and despite the current financial crisis, the company only announced its first annual loss in 71 years in May 2009. Importance of Project Management Many organisations use project management in order to survive in todays fast changing environment and it is part of the way things are done in businesses as described by Heerkens (2007). In using project management, companies translate both their strategies and objectives into action because this brings change to organisations and giving the fact that change is almost necessary if a company is to gain competitive advantage, this explains it multiple advantages including the following: Achievement of goal is made possible and decision making is based on more adequate information, thus making collaboration more focused and orientated toward gaining competitive advantage. Clear terms of reference allow employees understand their roles and responsibilities and how these can relate to the company i.e. objective, scope of deliverables, role, responsibilities, structure and schedule all give a clear path of progression in terms of what is expected from people, Dobson (2004) Forecast of revenues and expenditures is made possible by the allocation of budget. As a result, employees feel connected to the organisation from the corporate level where important decisions are made, thus facilitating an effective management. Time constraints (scope, time and cost) and specific expertise are used as measuring tools thus allowing the linkage of HRM to technology and the reduction of managers workload whilst increasing efficiency in the workplace by standardising HR processes. As a result, problem solving is made easy and fast, Harris et al (1996) In the organisational context, a hierarchical structure including the necessary step for achieving the objectives contribute in reaching the end. Different efforts are appreciated and team members recognise the importance of project management by pioneering it main focus. This ultimately leads to success and a drive toward effective management of people which is a critical component of organisational competitiveness as stated by Kerzner (2009). Because the success of any project depend on the leadership and motivation styles of sponsors who are experienced and ensure effective delivery, a sense of achievement is created for both employees and the organisation. Project management has served as tool to many big organisations in terms of innovation and when dealing with changes in the business environment, both employees and managers are able to witness the achievement of their respective goals and that of the organisation all in the same aim to gain competitive advantage, Larson et al (2006) The next sections of this report discuss some of these advantages in the context of TMC. Recruitment, Selection and Training of Personnel in TMC towards Market Advantage The concept of employee resourcing is aimed at employing people with the right skills and attitudes for the organisation. This appears to be acceptable in principle. But there is a tendency to interpret it because managers tend to recruit people who have the same characteristics as themselves. Most of TMCs senior executives are Japanese men, whereas most successful western corporations employ more diversely at the corporate level. In todays modern organisations, key issues include flexibility, innovation, creativity and the success of organisation is not likely to result from those who display similar characteristics to those already in the organisation. It can therefore be argued that organisations which perform better are those who employ people that think for themselves and have ideas and behaviour that are different from others While this suggests the usual selection methods which require evidence of continuous and verifiable employment actually works against the organisation that is seeking innovation, TMC with its The Toyota Way of lean product development and management principles illustrates otherwise. (Liker et al, 2004) So far TMC has been able to achieve market advantage by keeping up with it technology and more importantly being ahead of its competitors. In 1997, the company launched the Prius as the world first mass-produced hybrid car which was achieved through their people system. (Toyota Annual Report, 2009) TMCs system is centred on people from their recruitment and selection as well as their training and development in the company. The Toyota Way, as discussed by Liker et al (2004) must be part of their DNA. This concept has so far helped TMC achieve it organisational competitiveness. However, many overseas managers and engineers working for TMC have admitted working under too much pressure, Liker et al (2004). Others have embraced this and felt at home in an organisation where they feel valued. Either way, the question remains whether TMC is an employer of choice. TMC has recently been accused of weak designed practices with relation to the human resource as a result of the recent failure to spot technical issues, Sullivan (2010) In Sullivans view point, reward and recognition, training, hiring, the performance management process, the corporate culture, leadership development, staff retention and risk assessment all contributed to TMCs downfall. The company certainly has a very rigorous hiring process and often only recruit those who have had higher grades and are smart. But it can be argued that intelligence isnt always the key, particularly in an industry that is influenced by changing technologies and competition. The aim of recruiting should include making the organisation attractive to potential candidates by being the employer of choice where people are not only valued but want to be part of the organisation. This may be difficult for TMC as being a Japanese company involve adopting a culture of bureaucracy which ultimately affects the structure of the company as a whole. Introducing flexible working hours in the UK for example and where mostly men are employed, hiring women could all assist in this sector. Still, it remains managers job to examine the situation and identify alternative options in order to achieve market advantage. Armstrong suggested that learning programmes and training schemes should be developed in order to increase employability both inside and outside the organisation. To deal with the challenges faced by training, TMC introduced lean training where all team leaders work together to produce a new model. When producing Corolla for instance, TMC brought a team leader from each of their operating regions and together, they worked in 12 different assembly points around the world which reduced the number of working hours by 30%. (Toyota Annual Report, 2009) In addition, the company has a website that allows all its team members to take part in self training sessions which include weekly and location based trainings locations. (TMC Sustainability Report, 2009) However effective and efficient is this process of recruiting and training, the relationship between individuals who are brought to work together is crucial to the intended success. Teamwork Teamwork is an important aspect of an effective management of people and therefore represents a critical component of any process of project implementation. It defines the relation between individual and other external parties as well as being dependent on each other in their particular tasks. There is reliability on the individual capability. (Tarricone et al, 2002) More importantly, team members all have different skills and each contribute toward the organisations social culture and vision. (Gibson et al, 1980) Theories and Concepts of Teamwork Tuckman (1965) presented a theory of four different stages of group development that he further developed by adding a fifth stage after its popularity in 1970. The first four stages are represented by the guidance in the development and behaviour of the team members. Performing Performing Norming Focus on the Task Forming Storming Storming Figure 3.1: The Different Stages of Group Development Source: Adapted from Tuckman (1965) In the organisational context, the success of teamwork will depend on peoples ability to communicate within the team as well as their commitment to achieving the tasks in question. Contrary to this view, a project team might have different characteristics which allow them to accomplish their task in accordance with the given time and budget. As well as being fully involved, team members have to keep their manager aware of the issues, changes, risks and quality improvement. Gibson et al (1980) were adamant that communication and involvement are two different characteristics and that all that matters was the target or task that was required to be achieved by the team. The following attributes were discussed by Tarricone et al (2002) in the same interest of finding out what represented a successful teamwork. Attributes of Team Work TeamWork Interpedently Individual Skills Liberty of communicat-ion and suggestion feedback Commitment To team Team size Commitment to team and shared Goals Figure 3.2: The Six Attributes of a successful Teamwork (Adapted graph) TMC and Teamwork TMC refers to each of its employee as team member. To them, making customers happy is directly linked to how well they work together as a team. While this partly relate to Tarricone and Lucas (2002) six attributes of teamwork, particularly where team work and commitment are concerned, people have different competencies and as mentioned by Francis et al (1979), wouldnt it be easier if everyone focused on their given tasks? Or maybe TMC has found that taking care of each other, Critchley et al (1986) and respecting each other is primordial. We can still question TMCs communication and feedback standards because of the guidance they use from their recruitment to the training where strict rules are used. Harris et al (1996) outlined this in saying that members must have the right to express their feeling with regard to the work being carried out. Again, it is the managements job to not only give adequate direction, but also divide the job among the members while making sure they are not just following set rules but contributing individually. It is clear that TMC challenges its employees. For example, the company believes that respecting and trusting it people will ultimately mean that they will give 100% of output. They also agree that everything cant be done through machines and therefore human force is important. Thats why the company motivates it team members by trusting them and given them responsibility in order to fulfil their objectives. However, being a corporate company involves having low tolerance in terms of mistakes. TMC is currently at the centre of massive allegations regarding quality issues involving their recent cars. They have taken actions to correct these issues but could this be related to team members working under too much pressure? Is TMC too consumer driven? Or maybe the culture of the company which evolve around the Toyota Production system is in need of restructuring. The 5th stage of Tuckmans (1965) theory particularly represents this as being the split of the group after fulfilment of their purpose. In Tuckmans (1965) view, moving on is helpful to the team members as it creates a sense of recognition. What is obvious is that TMC understands teamwork and refers to it as its foundation. The next figure represents an example of how teams are formed in TMC. Team Size Team Member 5-8 Team Leader 3-4 Group Leader 5-8 5-8 Asst. Manager 4-10 Smallest Group 4TLs 18 TMs Largest Group 5 TLs 23 TMs Manager Figure 3.3: Typical Toyota Organization Assembly Operation Source: Bill Constantino, former group leader, Toyota, Georgetown. While other organisations use highly skilled employees to find solutions to day to day issues such as quality of products, maintenance of equipment etc, TMCs system (see figure 3.3) allows employees to do thing differently. Work groups are responsible for solving problems that occur and have many responsibilities including carrying out monthly planning in advance for quality production, scheduling etc. Another example of teamwork in TMC is where experts select two or three members depending on how many people are needed for the task and each member has to learn every job to allow rotation. The company believes that this way no member gets the load of work and the system runs smoothly while motivating employees. TMC and Change Management The management of TMC spotted the need for change from an early stage and has ever since been improving the companys productivity, quality, customer service etc. The company cultivates the leadership and teams styles change culture as well as growth to devise the strategy of what they refer to as The Toyota Way or the 14 Principles of Management. (Liker, 2004) This is also explained by the 4P model of The Toyota Way (Liker, 2004), where he highlights the Philosophy, Process, People and Partners and Problem Solving as a way of improvement and uniqueness of TPS. These 4Ps also constitute the 14 principles of management. Fig: 3.4: A 4PModel of The Toyota Way Source: Adapted from Liker (2004) However, change has its issues and most organisations begin to realise this when they are hit by competition or often bankruptcy. TMC experienced this in 1950 when the company encountered bankruptcy and began changing its culture. As recognised by Bridges (1995) with his transitional model of change, often dramatic change is needed in order to survive in a competitive market place. TMC accepted the challenge to survive in the US market and started working towards the companys vision by motivating and inspiring its employees. As a result of leading the global market, the company introduced the Prius in 1997. Change is part of TMCs leadership as well as being environmentally friendly when making cars and despite the current crisis facing all automobile makers, TMC remains a leader deriving from change as their main culture. Leadership and Motivation Both leadership and motivation have emerged as some of the most important aspects of an effective management of people and referred to as two elements that complement each other. In the 21st century, organizations are seeing leaders as those who set direction, has clear vision, inspire and motivate teams in achieving tasks. Once motivated, employees begin to prioritize organizational goals and culture, thus encouraging change and it adherence. TMCs Leadership Approach TMC doesnt follow a set of rules but rather exercises very unique values and approaches that set them apart from others. They believe in building employees strengths as well as building car. (Liker, 2004) Chemers, (1997) referred to leadership as a common task where people support one another. Hiebert et al (2001) on the other hand associated leadership with interpersonal relationship and corporate strategy. At TMC, Managers involve their subordinates into the thinking process which also reflect part of McGregors (1960) Theory-Y (participative style), and adjust themselves to situations depending on the project, or resources available which is reflected in Fiedlers (1967) approach. Fiedler (1997) further highlighted the environment as being the principal factor that influences leadership. He referred to this as contingency theory and placed leadership styles in two categories, task-oriented or relationship-oriented and situations in high-favourable and low-favourable. He came to the conclusion that task-oriented leaders perform more effectively and that when the level of situation favourability was intermediate, relationship-oriented leaders performed better. The leadership philosophy at TMC can be represented by the 2-dimentional leadership matrix of The Toyota Way, (Liker, 2004) where leadership styles have been divided into four types: Bureaucratic Manager, Group Facilitator, Task Master and Builder of Learning Organizations. Again we can distinguish similarities here to that of the Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid (1964) where the organization man manager shows the ability to balance between organizations goals and peoples needs. John Adairs (1973) Action-Centered Leadership Model proposed that a good leader must perform following 3 main responsibilities. Figure 4.1: The Action-Centered Leadership Model Source: Adair (1973) A good leader in Adairs (1973) point of view is the one who create balance between these three circles. TMC achieves performance by giving importance to both production and people (team), but in doing so people and production needs are left unfulfilled. This is almost a subtle way of telling people what to do as represented by the next graph. Figure 4.2: The TMC Leadership Model Source: Liker (2004, P. 196) Liker (2004) associated The Toyota way with that of the organisation that is building a learning organisation which nurtures the abilities and motivation level of its team and plans ahead in order to get the maximum out of employees. This has so far resulted in them setting example to many organisations by adding values to their existing culture. The 4P model of The Toyota Way studied by Liker (2004) put people on the third level from the bottom up along with long-term vision of the companys goals and adequate knowledge of technical and management skills. This is all well but we can argue that the primary goal as well as injecting that vision and knowledge to people should also include putting people at the very top since without them nothing is possible. Such an approach will allow employees to feel even more part of the company, motivates them further and enables them to put a maximum effort in order to achieve a longer-term success. However, at TMC, leaders encourage and respect position and decision making capabilities of their people working from the very bottom as many of them recognized having started at the bottom. (Gertner, 2007) Deriving from Fiedlers Theory (1967) and Adairs Model (1973), development of mutual trust and respect are very important to TMCs management relation which is the primary key to HRM practices in the 21st century. (Toyotas CSR Initiatives, 2010) TMCs Motivational Approach For most organisations, the ultimate goal is to make the employees work at their full potentials and this cannot be achieved easily as every individual is motivated differently. The concept of motivation has been developed by many scholars over the years. Fritz Heider (1972) developed two concepts of motivation which were Intrinsic and Extrinsic and which he believed were driven by the factors including employees attribution, beliefs and desires. Similarly, Maxwell (2008) discussed motivation factors where he associated needs, values and goals to peoples level of production. Figure 4.3: Employment Motivational Factors Source: Maxwell (2008) TMC is constantly committed to making improvements rather than just responding to problems that occur. The management develops friendly relationship within the teams and recognises their improvement. As a result, 94% of ideas in the company are adopted. For a Japanese company which guaranties life time employment, this is an obvious expectation because it allows internal promotion and develops motivation. However, motivation is a concept that changes with time and research on dynamic motivation carried out by Herzberg (1987) in his Dual Structure Theory pointed out that the diversity of motivation distinguishes between motivators (challenges) and hygiene factors (job security). But how important is job security in the 21st century? It is clear that being made redundant is no longer a threat and bigger organisations like TMC need to work harder in motivating and retaining their employees particularly in an age where competition and changes in the environment are part of their day to day lives. Heider (1972) believed that intrinsic motivation was driven by employees own self-esteem rather than financial reward which is often short lived and costly, while the extrinsic concept was influenced by the outside. Other factors were studied by Maslow (1954) in his Need Hierarchy Theory where he highlighted human needs as being very important and need to be satisfied if advancement was to be made possible. Agreeing with McGregor (1960) and Heider (1972), Maslow found money the least important. TMC recognises employees participation and money isnt used as motivator. At least not from what we have seen from their recruitment, selection and training strategies and team work structure. For any project implementation purposes, managers will need to further develop the process of working together by perhaps understanding employees needs rather than those of the organisation. This can assist in promoting motivation and therefore adhere to the organisations cultural implications which are becoming more homogenous in todays business environment. This also presuppose an understanding of employees own culture and context. TMC and Cross-Cultural Issues Taylor in the 20th century, studied how employers can increase their workers efficiency and decrease waste, later referred to as Muda by Japanese. TMC with their Toyota Production System champions this culture as well as what the company refers to as Kaizen which means team. Although Kaizen happens to be the improvement of Toyotas culture, it differs from the philosophy of Command and Control. The methodology of Kaizen is based upon monitoring results and making changes. TMC employs the very best people and trains them on cross training issues. By doing so, managers believe they are removing any problems from the root. But people are different and being a global company implies employing people who are culturally different. This therefore raises another concern about how diverse TMC really is. As earlier discussed, TMC is a global company still mainly run by its Japan headquarters. Its top leadership does not include foreign executives. This has resulted in slow problem solving of recent crisis of product defects. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recently stated that the heart of Toyotas issues lies in its secretive corporate culture in Japan. (Financial Times, 3rd March 2010, P. 22) The interesting debate on these recent quality issues which is linked to the cross-cultural training and consultation factors is that TMC focuses on their Kaizen concept, which is eliminating problems; whilst Americans and other Western consumers focus on the transparency concept which is based on the freedom of information. Either way, organisations can hardly avoid mistakes. It is how managers address these issues that determine their future. So far TMC has proven its success deriving from its leadership culture which has resulted in: Promoting innovation and creativity as well as developing new ideas which are recognised by the management. Continuous expansion allowing TMC to explore foreign markets and achieve stability in the global economy. Efficiency and uniformity of the workforce allowing the maintenance of a respectable level of stability and competitiveness in the business environment. However, limitation of promotion prospect TMC might lead to a need to consider using more Total Quality Management (TQM) which results in rising cost for the company. This can also create inner conflicts considering the current rise in competition. Also, TMC should be mindful of the fear for disappearance of personal identity on the employees side; because the majority of ideas are adopted from employees. They are treated as a team which limit their recognition as individual. TMC and Diversity Since the early 1990s, large organisations including TMC have recognised Diversity as being an important aspect of managing people and declared themselves as being committed to equal opportunities. (Cockburn, 1991) Diversity is reflected in TMCs famous respect for people and continuous improvement. Reichenberg (2001) referred to this as a perspective that made business sense and the United Nations in particular has embraced this philosophy which further proves the companys efforts. However, being a Japanese company involves certain level of collectivism, which raises concern about TMCs diversity policy. Morrison et al (1991) used Hofstedes (2001) international cultural diversity study to demonstrate organisations relationship with their suppliers and customers and how these can be affected by diversity. For instance matching customer diversity to that of the service offered will imply considering ethnic differences which will lead to parties speaking the same language. This fits TMC because as stated by Lichtenthal et al (2001), the company benefits from matching its sales people to demographic attributes of buyers since buyers are more trusting of those who share similar cultural attributes to themselves. Managers often need something to go wrong in order to decide that change is necessary and prepare employees to cope with it. Claiborne (2001) discussed Toyotas racist advertisements and this lead the company setting out a $7.8 billion, 10-year diversity program. Conclusion We have seen that successful people management comes through a process of selection, training, teamwork, leadership, motivation, involvement and participation such that employees feel their needs and interests are being appropriately addressed. When combined with the organisations own requirements for achieving efficiency and effectiveness, this emphasises the need for managers to provide leadership which is characterised by both strong task and relationship orientations. Both leadership and motivation go hand in hand because for any form of task to succeed, a leader with motivational skills is needed in order to get results. TMC is an excellent promoter of Diversity and contributes in areas such as education, safety among young people and programs such as Toyota Teen Driver, Mothers against Drunk Driving (MADD), sponsors events for non-profit organizations like YMCA, National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) etc. However, in the 21st century, managers are faced with many other challenges including uncertainty and constant changes in technologies which all affect the implementation of projects and human resource development. One ought to ask if TMC has remained stock in the 20th century with the classical thinking where division of labour, span of control and line of authority were pioneered by Fayol et al. This is certainly reflected in the companys team work strategy earlier discussed. Also, although employees have a massive input in TMCs success, how far are they allowed to disagree with the proposed goal of the organisation as discussed by McNabb et al (1995)? Perhaps the structure and success of TMC shows a different picture which promotes a learning organisation with their Lean Training and The Toyota Way. But how flexible is TMC when it comes to employees? And are the companys leaders born or manufactured? The answer ultimately lies somewhere in the middle as TMC has had mixed success stories and the management is able to provide the environmental support needed to motivate employees toward the achievement of their vision. To lead an adequate change as proposed by Kotter in 1995 with his eight stage model, managers are faced with understanding the importance of employees need, vision, communication, empowerment and culture. Implementing project will therefore involve the identification of the micro-processes that affect the day to day formal and informal life of employee, Cornelius (2003). Or with regard to change management, there need to be a clear line between people and the organisation as proposed by Fisher,2005. Recommendations As discussed, managers are faced with several issues when dealing with implementation of projects in general. Making these issues manageable will require TMC to rethink its structure and level of control when it comes to team work. It could be that the Japanese culture which is often too reliant on employees efforts needs a different leadership style which will allow the company to meet international competitive requirements as they affect the organisations overall success. In terms of coping with the turbulent external environment, TMC should perhaps consider recognising individuals for themselves rather than the group. They can begin this change in African countries where they have a small percentage of market shares. TMC promotes many of its current employees from inside the company. While this is good for keeping the companys visions and values, employing managers from outside might facilitate obtaining more open minded and goal oriented employees. This is particularly needed now when questions are being raised about TMCs public relation and image due to the companys recent defect issues.

Life and Oxygen Essay

This assignment requires answering questions based on the exhibit â€Å"The Earliest Traces of Life† at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. The exhibit that you are to see is on the right side as you enter the Rotunda from Jefferson Street. Enter the exhibit hall under the dinosaur banner. As you go through this doorway, the exhibit is located to the right. For additional information on the location, hours, ect., go the museum web site at www.mnh.si.edu and click on the Information desk link. Study the exhibit and answer the following questions. Submit your answers in Blackboard. Please view the short movie that comes along with the exhibit. Early Atmosphere 1. How abundant was oxygen in the early atmosphere? The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere was abundant, however, due harmful radiation waves from the sun, photosynthetic systems such as plants were not able to evolve thus leaving the state of oxygen subtle. 2.What evidence do scientists have that the oxygen content of our atmosphere has increased since the earth’s origin? The O-zone layer is composed of 3 oxygen atoms formed after photosynthetic organisms release an extra oxygen molecule into the atmosphere. 2. Why is oxygen more abundant in the atmosphere today? Because of the high amount of plants that produce oxygen which were not here in the early stages of life on earth 3. What are stromatolites? Stromatolites are the bindings of microorganisms on rocks and stones, usually submerged underwater, these rocks are usually used as samples for the earliest signs of life 4. What do scientists think is implied by the presence of stromatolites in Precambrian rock? Scientists would conclude that life was formed underwater and the process of evolution eventually allowed multi-cellular organisms to make their way off the ocean and/or bodies of water. 5. What is ozone and how is it produced? The o-zone layer is the protective layer made of 3 oxygen atoms, it is usually formed by the extra oxygen resulted from a photosynthetic organism. 6. Why is ozone important to life today? Because it protects us from ultra-violet rays from the sun which are extremely harmful and sometimes fatal to all life forms. 7. What effect did increased levels of oxygen in the atmosphere have on early life forms? It caused organisms that were not light and/or oxygen dependent to disappear as mammals and other multi-cellular organisms began to take over.

Whatever They Told You About Gender Inequality Essay Sub Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Heres Why

Whatever They Told You About Gender Inequality Essay Sub Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Type of Gender Inequality Essay Sub Topics Since the start of time women are thought of as the housekeepers. This record is seemingly disadvantageous for ladies, for both genders do exactly the same quantity of work for the business. Women, on the flip side, face a lot more challenges. They provide a nurturing environment for society because of their loving nature. They will often talk about health problems with other women and go to the doctor if something is wrong. They are just as proficient as men. Then you will analyze the fashion in which either gender is portrayed in your preferred media. Gender comes into play alongside lots of distinct aspects like sex, gender and gender roles. It is not necessarily associated with the anatomical sex of an individual. Its main goal is to monitor gender disparities between women and men in development outcomes and to track changes as time passes. Every one of these aspects play a substantial part when speaking of the distinct social problems encountered by women and men. There aren't really any facets of society in which men or women are not permitted to participate. Gender inequality is most frequently found at workplaces. Gender equality isn't an exception. Gender inequality is therefore a type of inequality that is distinct from different kinds of economic and societal inequalities. The gender inequality has a lot of consequences. Each employee, irrespective of gender, should have the very same prospect. The termination of workers should be handled without bias. When it regards the different types of gender inequality, there are various forms and pitfalls mainly pertaining to women. Additionally, the different types of gender inequalities suchs as women at work, inequalities on the job, and the gender pay gap take an immense toll on gender inequalities. The minute you allow gender to play a role in pay, you become part of the issue. It is an issue that has had a negative effect on American society. Another possible means to resolve our issue is by way of celebrities and TV. Use certain stories to explain the reason why this problem is or isn't an important one in your own life. Equality is never conservatism, but crystal clear comprehension of what politeness and attention about other individuals are. Discover the way the individuals of different gender are anticipated to function as a growth in any important portion of society. Other people think that women are better off taking the conventional gender role and staying home to deal with the family members and household chores. Within marriage, a lot of women are anticipated to remain in the house, as homemakers and mothers. So far as class is concerned, even though the class gap has narrowed a massive gulf still exists. It is very helpful even in the event the research is extremely similar to your own feelings. In Britain there is increasing concern concerning the fairness of schools and the degree of inequality. Generally, female education is negatively associated with low fertility and very low birth rate is associated with dependency ratio. In society the moment it comes to gender and family, each gender is predicted to have a particular kind of role. It is possible to also discuss the stereotypes here, because most of gender ones are rather sexist. Write about the manner gender was handled in this time. In the facet of education, in earlier times men are prone to have more opportunities to go to school.

Don t Judge A Book By Its Cover - 1129 Words

Don’t judge a book by its cover† was a saying during my childhood I heard every day. Growing up I was not the handsome boy you ever seen. I had a double chin, side rolls, and my stomach overlap my waistline. That’s where the name I received, â€Å"fat boy† came from was because of my appearance. That name for some reason made my father and brother laugh till tears come out. As I got older the double, side rolls, and my overlapping stomach started to slim and made me start looking normal size. As I was starting to look human all of sudden these pimples and acne started to appear. Transitioning to this stage of my life which caused my mom to teach me a valuable lesson and that was to â€Å"Don’t judge a book by its cover†. As I was growing up my family and I had what we like to call weekly reunions, which started in 2000 as I was approaching age 4. These reunions consist of playing cards such as poker or blackjack, kids would be outside playing kickball and musical chairs, and the grownups would be competing in a drinking contest. When daylight started shifting to night we would always get together in a big circle and sing songs by James Brown or Charlie Wilson on the karaoke machine. Then in the last 15 minutes our grandparents and great grandparents would tell us life stories, in which these was very motivational and inspiring. As years pass these weekly reunions was starting to become a tradition but these weekly reunions started to become torture for my mom. There is a total ofShow MoreRelatedDon t Judge A Book By Its Cover839 Words   |  4 Pagesout on the media for most people to watch. The media brainwashes many people to think pit bulls are ferocious, uncontrollable, pit fighting animals and they started banning them in some states with the numbers growing. People should not judge a book by its cover. Pitbull’s have good qualities; some people may disagree or agree. Now is the time to agree because of what these dogs provide for the community. Let’s focus on the good qualities of a Pitbull has to offer that is not broadcasted to the mediaRead MoreAnalysis Of Don t Judge A Book By Its Cover ``1001 Words   |  5 PagesDon t judge a book by its cover is a phrase that many adults tell children to have them look on the inside. However, people often judge based on appearance. There is an abundant number of people who are superficial and believe appearance is the true key of life. Social media, magazines, and the fashion industry encourage the general public to idolize and crave beauty. A young girl would disgorge herself in order to look like the models walking the runway, or the famous actress on a magazine. InRead MoreThe Freedom Writers : `` Don t Judge A Book `` Its Cover ``824 Words   |  4 PagesThe Freedom Writers There is a common saying, â€Å"Don’t judge a book by its cover†. This means that there should be no stereotypes or standards placed on anyone or anything before all of the information is known about that individual or item. Stereotyping is most commonly associated with people. There are lots of different assumptions that are made about people based on their looks, and most of the time, those assumptions are not true. The black students in this movie are portrayed as up to no goodRead MoreEssay On DonT Judge A Book By Its Cover1195 Words   |  5 Pagesinitial judgment of me, we wouldn’t have met. If we believe our initial thoughts of others, we won t get to form relationships: family, friends, couples. Judging others is what s stopping us as a society from coming together. I believe in the phrase â€Å"don’t judge a book by its cover,† and if everybody thinks in this too, it will make us a more integrated society. Don’t judge a book by its cover is one of the most clichà © and overused phrases to describe anything that deals with being prejudice.Read MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1592 Words   |  7 Pagesis why he is such a known lawyer. Lee also used literary devices and terms to prove her points and better her writing throughout the novel. A few things Lee wants to change for the better are racism and equality, fairness, and not judging a book by it’s cover. Maycomb may be a small town, but as a result, it’s a racial town as well. Since the town is divided, people see racism everyday. That’s why when it came to Tom Robinson’s case, they chose Atticus to represent Tom. Tom Robinson is a black manRead MoreThe Most Important Thing You Remember About A Thesis Statement Essay1040 Words   |  5 Pagesalso giving the reader a new article to read and allow them to give feedback if necessary. This isn t new to me, for I ve done a thesis statement before and received good feedback from fellow classmates. What s different is all of us were focused on once topic and had to come up with our own thesis on that assigned topic. It worked out well. Thesis Statement Number 1: Judging A Book by the Cover People who jump to conclusions without prior knowledge should be aware of people s feelingsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play 12 Angry Men By Reginald Rose1082 Words   |  5 PagesThe play ‘12 angry men’ by Reginald Rose discusses that we shouldn t judge people on their background, on their style, or on their religion, instead we need to focus on what matters most, what’s on the inside. Literature both teaches and encourages us to question the issue of prejudice in today’s society. Can you honestly say you ve never judged a book by its cover? I m sure that we have all picked a book up, looked at its cover and then put it down because it ‘looks’ unappealing. You may not knowRead MoreShrek Movie Analysis796 Words   |  4 PagesFairy tales don t always follow the same boring pattern; beautiful princess falls in love with her prince charming and they live happily ever after. The movie Shrek, an ogre and beautiful princess fall in love, though this beautiful princess has a secret; her secret is that by day a beautiful princess, and by night an ugly ogre, at least in her eyes. Shrek thought she was beautiful as a human and as an ogre; this hidden message is shown as beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Also in the movieRead MoreFlight Patterns By Sherman Alexie1527 Words   |  7 Pagesknowledge of who they are or what their background is, and this is part of the message Alexie was trying to get across in Flight Patterns. He wants his readers to know that this world isn t perfect, and that it can be seen that it is extremely commonplace in our society for others to judge people they don t even know, when they know for a fact that what they are doing is morally wrong. To illustrate, on page 57 of the Norton Introduction to Literature in Flight Patterns, the narrator construesRead MoreWhat Do You Value A University Education?956 Words   |  4 Pageseducation makes a better citizen and is likely to have a positive influence on society. He doesn t think you have to be educated to be a good person, it just helps. I agree with professor Bayless 100%. An education does not shape you into the person you are, but definitely helps make you a positive influence and a better person. I believe everyone should at least try a University education. You don t know if it’s not for you until you try it. Now a days to get a job you need some type of degree and